Racist Bush Nominates another African American

I am so sure the NAACP will put out a press release praising Bush,...."Don't bet youre life on it! They are so full of shit!

The President has nominated John O. Agwunobi, of Florida, to be Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services (Health). Dr. Agwunobi currently serves as Secretary and State Health Officer at the Florida Department of Health. He previously served as Vice President of Medical Affairs and Patient Services at the Hospital for Sick Children in Washington, DC. As a pediatrician, Dr. Agwunobi has practiced medicine in rural, inner city and suburban communities. He received his medical degree from the University of Jos, Nigeria. He received his first master's degree from Georgetown University and his second master's degree from Johns Hopkins University.

10 foods that make America great!!!

I found this on a news source(MSNBC) today! Awsome

) New England clam chowder (Massachusetts)


2) Pastrami (New York)


3) Shoofly pie


4) Smithfield ham (Virginia)

5) Po-boys (Louisiana)


6) Fajitas (Texas)

7) Chicago hot dogs (Illinois)


8) Chile verde (New Mexico)


9) San Francisco sourdough (California)


10) Olympia oysters (Washington)

Cicero warned us about The Left!

"A nation can survive its fools, and even the ambitious. But it cannot survive treason from within. An enemy at the gates is less formidable, for he is known and carries his banner openly. But the traitor moves amongst those within the gate
freely, his sly whispers rustling through all the alleys, heard in the very halls of government itself. For the traitor appears not a traitor – he speaks in accents familiar to his victims, and he wears their face and their arguments, he appeals to
the baseness that lies deep in the hearts of all men. He rots the soul of a nation, he works secretly and unknown in the night to undermine the pillars of the city, he infects the body politic so that it can no longer resist. A murderer is less to fear."

-Marcus Tullius Cicero 42 B.C

Protest shadows....."A poem about the Left"

I walk amongst shadows , they are the shadows of the young and rich, sprinkled with the poor, black , Unionist, and queer activist! Suckers united against the system, they hold hands together in unison, Communist, black Pan African, the Islamist. They all shout and scream, all demanding freedom!All the while marching with T-Shirt idols of martyrdom.

Yet do not be deceived of these cries of freedom, for they are nothing more than veiled cries of fandom and unwisdom. They pretend to raise a fist of liberation. Yet in effect its only reflective of oppressive isolation. These dark shadows on the street who pass by me. I wonder there names, where they come from, who they be ,what's there story. They remind me of dead ghost without a resting place! Angry anlgo child like figures with out dreams. Wearing buttons of African oppression, while pretending to be smart because they know a conflict in the heart of South America!

These, dark eyed, Chomskyites, who blame the liberator over the oppressor. Spitting in the flag of freedom, while ingnoring the bodies of the oppressed! The tune is always the same "blame American for everything"

What silly shadows these are, that follow me, pretending to see Vietnam, all the while they toss a smoke bomb! Anarchist who align them selves with structured and organized things. Anti capitalist, sipping on starbucks, while typin on lab tops, Gay Communist, who scream about the American economy, while sporting a bag from Armani.

These are the dark shadows I see, a crowd obessed with the fantasy of m. t. v.!

Shadows who proclaim with sneer to be experts in history and liberty, all because they hold up an academic degree,

To all those who reflect the "Shadow people",

I say..... Fuck You!,

for today this proud American will be the Counter Example!

By Hip-Hop Republican

Whats the deal with Birth Control!

First of all I support Birth Control, but I am apposed to abortion. Also it depends on the method of birth control, and why? This is alist of just the facts, and how the debates around this issues are complex. As a male I never really knew all the tereminology, but now I know. Hopefully pro life or pro choice readers of my blog will be able to make up there own minds! I think to many girls in wstern countries are using it just to have fun! But aroound the world like India, its a must!

Reproductive rights refers to rights in all areas of reproduction. This includes issues related to rights to reproduce as well as rights not to reproduce.It is a controversial term, typically used in a context supportive of the choices of pregnant women.

In relation to abortion, supporters of reproductive rights consider it misleading to say that a political leader "supports abortion", when he or she simply supports a woman's right to choose without governmental interference. The term "reproductive rights" is used to describe this position; it is thus synonymous with Pro-Choice when used in this context.

Some of those who oppose the use of the term with regards to abortion claim that such legal protection is an abuse of the term "right" and amounts to a "right to kill the innocent". They also argue that such rights are not guaranteed by a convention such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and have little or no precedent in human history. As such, the term can be considered an example of political framing, as can the more specific terms "Pro-Life" and "Pro-Choice".

Birth control generally refers to any plan or method used to alter or avoid the body's natural state of fertility, thereby preventing or reducing the probability of pregnancy without abstaining from sexual intercourse; the term is also sometimes used to include abortion and natural family planning. The term family planning is normally considered a synonym for the term birth control. Employing techniques to avoid pregnancy resulting from intercourse is called contraception (literally, against conception).



Probably the oldest methods of contraception are coitus interruptus, barrier methods, herbal abortifacients, and attempts to arrange intercourse to coincide with a woman's non-fertile times, colloquially known as the "rhythm method". While it seems as if the rhythm method would have been a good choice, scientists did not figure out the details of the human menstrual cycle until the early 20th century.

Coitus interruptus (withdrawal of the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation) probably predates any other form of birth control. Once the relationship between the emission of semen into the vagina and pregnancy was known or suspected, some men probably managed to think through the haze of passion and withdraw in time. This is not a particularly reliable method of contraception, as the small amount of fluid secreted prior to ejaculation (pre-ejaculate or "Cowper's fluid") can still contain sperm (this is explained below). However it requires no equipment and is still better than nothing.

Folklore has suggested douching immediately following intercourse as a contraceptive method, and while it seems like a sensible idea to try to wash the ejaculate out of the vagina, it does not work due to the nature of the fluids and the structure of the female reproductive tract -- if anything, douching spreads semen further towards the uterus. Some slight spermicidal effect may occur if the douche solution is particularly acidic, but overall it is not an effective method.


The reason both withdrawal and douching are usually not very effective is that the male ejaculate typically consists of approximately 5ml (1 teaspoon) of fluid carrying in excess of 500,000,000 sperm, of which only one is needed to cause reproduction. Thus even a tiny amount of ejaculate can be more than enough.

Additionally, prior to ejaculation, a man typically releases small amounts of seminal fluid and sperm ("pre-ejaculate") as a result of becoming sexually aroused, during the erection, and while the penis is being stimulated by the vagina during sexual intercourse. It is theorized that pre-ejaculate is in part an attempt by the penis to assist in lubricating the vagina, and as an attempt to ameliorate the acidity of the female vagina and the male urethra (acidity caused by the usual use of the penis to excrete urine). These small amounts of pre-ejaculate can contain more than 30,000 sperm in each drop, and again, only one sperm is needed to cause impregnation.

There are historic records of Egyptian women using a pessary (a vaginal suppository) made of various acidic substances (crocodile dung is alleged) and lubricated with honey or oil, which may have been somewhat effective at killing sperm. However, it is important to note that the sperm cell was not discovered until Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in the late 17th century, so barrier methods employed prior to that time could not know of the details of conception. Oriental women may have used oiled paper as a cervical cap, and Europeans may have used beeswax for this purpose. The condom appeared sometime in the 17th century, initially made of a length of animal intestine. It was not particularly popular, nor as effective as modern latex condoms, but was employed both as a means of contraception and in the hopes of avoiding syphilis, which was greatly feared and devastating prior to the discovery of antibiotic drugs.

Various abortifacients have been used throughout human history. Some of these were effective, some were not; those that were most effective also had major side effects. The ingestion of certain poisons by the female can disrupt the reproductive system; women have drunk solutions containing mercury, arsenic, or other toxic substances for this purpose. The Greek gynaecologist Soranus in the 2nd century AD suggested that women drink water that blacksmiths had used to cool metal. The herbs tansy and pennyroyal are well-known in folklore as abortive agents, but these also "work" by poisoning the woman. Levels of the active chemicals in these herbs that will induce a miscarriage are high enough to damage the liver, kidneys, and other organs, making them very dangerous. However, in those times where risk of maternal death from postpartum complications was high, the risks and side effects of toxic medicines may have seemed less onerous. It is also believed that black cohosh tea will also be effective in certain cases as an abortifacient.


There are references in Arabic history to traders inserting a small stone into the uterus of a camel in order to prevent it from conceiving, a concept very similar to the modern IUD, but it seems unlikely that this was used as a contraceptive method for humans since knowledge of the female reproductive tract was very limited until the 20th century, and surgical techniques were poor.

Oral contraceptives did not appear until the mid-20th century, when scientists better understood the process of conception and advances in biochemistry allowed for the isolation (and later synthesis) of the hormones controlling the cycle.

"Blood For Oil Myths"

Dr. Victor Hanson demolishe's leftist arguments about the Blood for Oil Myth! Leftist media, protest, Rally's, papers continue to spead this myth. The truth is
they have too, Because if we did not go in for oil, then maybe we did it for geopolitical reason's. And if thats why, then the leftist shouts, and rhetoric are nothing more than that...rhetoric!
Blood for Oil?


No Oil Money for Bloody Terrorists
by Victor Davis Hanson
Tribune News Services

Even in the face of spreading reform in the Middle East, Americans remain divided over the wisdom of removing Saddam Hussein and then staying on to foster democracy in Iraq. But petroleum should not be part of that controversy. Nevertheless, the most persistent smear of this war has been this idea of "blood for oil"—whether the so-called Afghanistan pipeline or Halliburton "grab" for concessions and profits.

True, our foreign policies, like those of all industrial powers, are in part guided by strategic considerations. Cheap gas, however, is not the supreme driving force behind American intervention. The lack of oil may explain our wrong decision to ignore Rwanda, but not our right choice to stop the dying in the Balkans, Somalia and Indonesia. In fact, China, not America, is already the world player most guided by Oilpolitik.

Whatever George Bush is, he is certainly no longer a realist oilman content with the status quo of propping up dictatorial Middle East regimes. Pulling troops out of Saudi Arabia and toppling Saddam—while putting Iran on notice—sent shivers up an oilman's spine. After the Americans invaded Baghdad, the price of petroleum skyrocketed, enraging voters back home. America currently pours billions into oil-rich Iraq, rather than siphoning Arab petroleum out. That is why the same critics who once claimed that we were thieves now deride us as dupes.

Invading Iraq was not to loot its oil treasure, but more likely to cease the recycling of its petrodollars that went to terrorists and weapons procurement. Oil revenue allowed Saddam to attack four countries. His oil money subsidized terrorists like Abu Nidal and Abu Abbas. He sent cash bounties to suicide murderers on the West Bank and helped al-Qaidists in Kurdistan. Petrodollars empowered him to butcher his own people, and thus indirectly led to endless Western patrolling of two-thirds of his airspace.

In contrast, Iraqi oil revenue is now transparent and under the control of an elected government. Reserves are no longer pledged by a dictator to France and Russia in sweetheart deals and at extortionist rates. Nor is petroleum diverted by greedy insiders of the U.N. Oil-for-Food program.

Oil, remember, is also not just an American interest. Japan, Europe, India and China depend on imported fossil fuels far more than does the United States. Impoverished Third World states need moderately priced petroleum to salvage their chronically weak economies. For all the pampered terrorists' bluster about "stealing our resources," the real moral onus is more often on the opulent oil producer like a Saudi Arabia, Iran or Kuwait rather than a destitute consumer like Bangladesh or Peru.

Oil is pumped out of the ground in the Middle East at costs of between $5 and $8 a barrel. Through the power of a cartel, it is then sold to the world for $50. The Saudis, Gulf States and Iranians—who sit atop it but neither developed it nor can pump it without foreign expertise—have exclusive rights of possession protected by international protocols and ultimately the U.S. Navy.

As thanks, the oil producers have formed a monopoly—every bit as ruthless as any 19th century creation of a John D. Rockefeller—in unison to cut production and jack up the world price. This price-fixing harms millions from rural Brazil to Albania. OPEC, not the United States, is the real cutthroat petroleum profiteer.

Every gambling spree by a Saudi sheik in Monaco or outlandish $1,000 a night hotel in the Gulf comes in part from the income of a peasant in Bolivia or Chad. The money for mustard gas in Iraq, a nuclear reactor in Iran and hate-filled propaganda of the Saudi madrassas all derived from rigged oil prices and went to regimes that were neither elected nor capable of creating real wealth through the participation of a middle class.

Such an easy slur like "blood for oil" persists because the alternative explanation is apparently unpalatable. After Sept. 11, Bush abandoned the realist policies of his past and the Cold War calculus of a half-century, by zeroing in on the old pathology of the Middle East: dictators paying off theocrats and terrorists to redirect popular anger at their failures onto the United States.

If Bush's democratic gambit succeeds, the world will be a far better place. But until then as we work on reform in Iraq, let us also conserve, develop new sources and wean ourselves from foreign oil. Promoting democracy also means keeping astronomical profits out of the hands of both failed autocrats and killers. By reducing world demand to weaken the cartel, we will both help poorer nations and restore the financial integrity of the United States.

Those who scream "no blood for oil" would do better to chant "no oil money for bloody terrorists and dictators

Dick's Blunder! South Africa

One wonder's what was in the mind of Cheney when he voted against sanctions against South Africa! I do not think he is a racist, but he is a true ideolog. While in congress he could have voted many times against the Racist State. His responces with regard this issue have been interesting! The answer most given is that he had to do it because at the time the ANC was on the State Department's terrioist list. The problem, is that argument could be said for Afghanistan. The Northern Alliance yet they were not put on the State Departments list. And yet we also put sanctions on Afghanistan. The truth if it be told, is that the true terroist, like in Afhanistan, was the Aparthied state! If any one should have been put on the terroist list, it should have been the South African State! Nelson Mandela would be like the Northern Alliance. I hope Dick looses much sleep, over this historical blunder! No rationalising will explain that away. Dick you were on the wrong side of history! I do think that Cheney has made up for the error, by liberasting Iraq. Maybe some where in his mind, he remmbered being on the wrong side of history.

This a posting of an actual account from a site, where an Cheney answer's question's
relating to this event!

I read where Dick Cheney was not supportive of the ANC and Nelson Mandela who served 27 years in prison. I am an African American. I feel uncomfortable with Dick Cheney.


What are your thoughts about Dick Cheney?



On ABC's ``This Week,'' Cheney defended his 1986 vote against a resolution that called for U.S. recognition of the African National Congress in South Africa, freedom for the organization's then-imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela and negotiations with the black majority.


``The ANC was then viewed as a terrorist organization,'' Cheney said Sunday. ``It was a step that we simply weren't prepared to take.''


Now, Cheney says he believes the ANC has ``mellowed'' and Mandela is ``a great man.''


``He deserves an enormous amount of credit for the transformation of South Africa,'' Cheney said ``But I don't have any problems at all with the vote I cast 20 years ago.''

"The Griot's ..African Elders of Hip Hop?

To my blog reader's it may be a bit surprising, but Hip Hop may have Elders. I first
heard of this unique history from, a Jamacian friend of mine! At first I was doubtful, but as I looked into, I think there is some connection. In fact there is a probally big connetcion.
Many have made a connection to hip hop and a group of West African musicians.
The group are called griots. This is some information of them and how there music may have been the building blocks of modern day Hip Hop!

Griots, pronounced "greeohs", are wordsmiths of West Africa who use poetry, proverbs, and rhythm to teach villagers about their history. Their home is the territory of the Mande peoples, i.e. the states of Mali, Gambia, Guinea and Senegal, where their tradition is alive to this day. "Griot" is the French term for this class of musicians; the local terms are jeli in northern Mande areas and jali in southern Mande domains.

Funny Quote!

I've been married to one Marxist and one Fascist, and neither one would take the garbage out.

Lee Grant


Lyova Haskell Rosenthal


Mini biography of Lee Grant
Academy Award winner Lee Grant was born Lyova Haskell Rosenthal in New York, New York, on October 31, 1927. She made her stage debut at age 4 at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, playing the abducted princess in "L'Orocolo". After graduating from high school, she won a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre, where she studied acting with her classmate, Sanford Meisner. When she was a teenager, Grant established herself as a formidable Broadway talent when she won The Critics' Circle Award for her portrayal of the shoplifter in, Detective Story (1951). She reprised the role in the film version, a performance that garnered her the Cannes Film Festival Citation for Best Actress as well as her first Academy Award Nomination. Immediately following her screen debut, however, Lee became a victim of the McCarthy blacklists; except for an occasional role, she did not work in film or television for an additional 10 years. In 1966, Lee had resumed her acting career in the TV series, "Peyton Place" (1964), for which she won an Emmy Award as Stella Chernak, and later garnered her first Academy Award for Shampoo (1975), and received Academy Award nominations for The Landlord (1970), and Voyage of the Damned (1976). Since 1980, Lee has been concentrating on her directorial efforts, which began as part of the Women's Project at The Americal Film Institute (AFI); her adaptation of Strindberg's, "Stronger, The" was consequently selected as one of the 10 best films ever produced for AFI. In 1987, she received an Academy Award for the HBO documentary, Down and Out in America (1986); and she directed _"Nobody Child's" (1986)_ , for CBS, for which she received the Directors Guild Award. In 1983, Lee Grant received the Congressional Arts Caucus Award for Outstanding Achievement in Acting and Independent Filmmaking. Subquently, Women in Film paid tribute to her in 1989, with their first-ever Lifetime Achievement Award. Both the New York City Council and the County of Los Angeles Board of Supervisors have recognized Ms. Grant for the contribution her films have made to the fight against domestic violence.

Comparing our troops and Bush to Hilter!

When the left gets nasty, it responds, with moral equivalences. Most notably, Hitler and the fascist are there favorite one's. Please stop comparing out troops, to Hitler! Our nation is a very different in style,principle, and government! To compare our President to Hitler is bone shaking. It also shows the depth the left will go to!

These are picture, which look nothing like the liberation of Iraq, or Abu Gharib Prison, or Gutanimo..

Meet Mr. Robert Mugabe...Africa's Facist!

"The worst evils in the -world are not done by evil people, but by good people who do not know they -are not doing good"

- Reinhold Niebuhr





"Ooh if Hilter were a shade darker, he and Dr Mugabe would be great friends! For all my blog reader's I ask that you read about one of Africa's number 1 enemy to democray!

Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born February 21, 1924) has been the head of government in Zimbabwe, first as Prime Minister and later as first executive President, since 1980.

Mugabe's father is believed to have been from Malawi. Mugabe was raised at Kutama Mission, Zvimba District, north-west of Harare (then called Salisbury), in then Southern Rhodesia. He was raised as a Roman Catholic and was educated in Jesuit schools. He qualified as a teacher at age 17, but left to study for a B.A. in English and history at Fort Hare University in South Africa, an illustrious university at the time, graduating in 1951 while meeting contemporaries like Julius Nyerere, Herbert Chitepo, Robert Sobukwe and Kenneth Kaunda. He then studied at Drifontein in 1952, Salisbury (1953), Gwelo (1954), in Tanzania (1955 - 1957). He obtained a diploma and a bachelor's degree in education from the University of South Africa and another bachelor's degree in economics from the University of London, all by correspondence. Subsequently, Mugabe taught in a teacher-training school in Accra, Ghana (1958–1960) where he met Sally Hayfron, his first wife



Returning to Southern Rhodesia in 1960 as a committed Marxist, Mugabe joined Joshua Nkomo and the National Democratic Party (NDP), which later became the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), both immediately banned by Ian Smith's government. He left ZAPU in 1963 to form the rival Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) with Reverend Ndabaningi Sithole and lawyer Herbert Chitepo. A split would be easy along tribal lines between the Ndebele and his Shona, but cross-tribal representation was maintained by his partners. ZANU leader Sithole nominated Mugabe as his Secretary General.

ZANU was influenced by the Africanist ideas of the Pan Africanist Congress in South Africa and influenced by Maoism while ZAPU was an ally of the African National Congress and was a supporter of a more orthodox pro-Soviet line on national liberation. Similar divisions can also be seen the in liberation movement in Angola between the MPLA and UNITA.

He was detained with other nationalist leaders Joshua Nkomo and Edson Zvobgo in 1964 and remained in prison for ten years, where he studied law. On his release he left Rhodesia for Mozambique in 1974 and led the Chinese-financed military arm of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), in the war against Ian Smith's government.

On 18 March 1975, Chitepo was killed by a bomb placed in his car while in Zambia. ZANLA commander Josiah Tongogara was subsequently blamed by Kenneth Kaunda's government. Mugabe unilaterally assumed control of ZANU from Mozambique. Later that year, after squabbling with Ndabaningi Sithole, Mugabe formed a militant ZANU faction, leaving Sithole to lead the moderate Zanu (Ndonga) party, which renounced violent struggle.

Persuasion from B.J. Vorster, himself under pressure from Henry Kissinger, forced Smith to accept in principle that white minority rule could not continue indefinitely. On March 3, 1978 Bishop Abel Muzorewa, Ndabaningi Sithole and other moderate leaders signed an agreement at Governor's Lodge in Salisbury, which paved the way for the interim government, under Lord Soames, a British governor, in preparation for elections.

Elections were held for a new national parliament as Zimbabwe Rhodesia, which was won by the only black party that had renounced violence and was allowed to contest – the UANC, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Canaan Banana. Sanctions, however, were not lifted, because Britain and the USA said there was not proper representation in the elections – meaning Nkomo and Mugabe. Britain called all parties to Lancaster House in September 1979, which were attended by Smith, Mugabe, Nkomo, Chenjerai Hunzvi, Edson Zvobgo and others, where Muzorewa was persuaded to accept new elections, which were held late February, 1980.



After a campaign marked by intimidation from all sides, mistrust from security forces and reports of full ballot boxes found on the road, the Shona majority was decisive in electing Mugabe to head the first government as prime minister on March 4, 1980. ZANU won 57 out of 80 contested seats in the new parliament, with 20 other seats reserved for whites.


Kofi Annan with Mugabe whose political support came from his Shona-speaking homeland in the north, attempted to build Zimbabwe on a basis of an uneasy coalition with his Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) rivals, whose support came from Ndebele-speaking south, and with whites. Mugabe sought to incorporate ZAPU into his Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) led government and ZAPU's military wing into the army; and ZAPU's leader, Joshua Nkomo, was given a series of cabinet positions in Mugabe's government. However, Mugabe was torn between this objective and pressures to meet the expectations of his own ZANU followers for a faster pace of social change.

An abortive ZAPU rebellion and discontent in Matabeleland spelled the end to this uneasy coalition. In 1983 Mugabe dismissed Nkomo from his cabinet, which triggered bitter fighting between ZAPU supporters in the Ndebele-speaking region of the country and the ruling ZANU. Between 1982 and 1985 the military brutally crushed armed resistance in Ndebeleland and Mugabe's rule was left secure. A peace accord was negotiated in 1987, resulting in ZAPU's merger (1988) into the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). Mugabe brought Nkomo into the government once again as a vice-president.

In 1987 the position of Prime Minister was abolished, and Mugabe assumed the new office of executive President of Zimbabwe gaining additional powers in the process. He was re-elected in 1990 and 1996, and, controversially, in 2002.

His well-respected Ghanaian first wife, Sally (née Hayfron, born 1933), died in 1992, from a chronic kidney ailment (their only son died at age 4, while Mugabe was in prison). About two years before, Mugabe had married his former secretary, Grace Marufu, 40 years his junior and with whom he already had two children, in a tribal ceremony. Mugabe justified the marriage under a traditional African law which allows him to take a junior wife.

On August 17, 1996, in his first brush with Christianity for more than two decades, Mugabe and Marufu were married in a Catholic wedding Mass. A spokesman for Catholic Archbishop Patrick Chakaipa, who presided over the ceremony, said the diocese saw "no impediment" to the nuptials.


Mugabe improved health and education for the black majority after elections agreed to after the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979.

In 1991, amid international pressure and short on hard currency, Zimbabwe embarked on a neoliberal austerity program, but the International Monetary Fund suspended aid, claiming that the reforms were "not on track."

At the same time he pursued a "moral campaign" against homosexuality, making what he deemed "unnatural sex acts" illegal with a penalty of up to 10 years in prison. This included the arrest of his predecessor as President of Zimbabwe, Canaan Banana, who was convicted of alleged gay sex offences (which many believe to have been fictions invented by Mugabe). While Zimbabwe has the highest HIV/AIDS infection rate in the world, the vast majority of sufferers there are heterosexual.

Mugabe was criticized for his intervention in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at a time when the Zimbabwean economy was struggling. The war raised accusations of corruption, with officials alleged to be plundering the Congo's mineral reserves

When Mugabe became prime minister, approximately 70% of the country's arable land was owned by approximately 4,000 descendants of white settlers. However, he reassured white landowners that they had nothing to fear from black majority rule. Mugabe favoured a "willing buyer, willing seller" plan for gradual redistribution of land but little was done in his early years in power. However, in 1999 and 2000 Mugabe used force to transfer land ownership from whites to blacks.

Since land redistribution, Zimbabwe has transformed from being an exporter of food to a nation where shortages are rampant and five million people need food aid. In November 2004 he approved the "Obesity Tourism Strategy" which aims to attract obese tourists to work on lands seized from white farmers.

On February 11, 2000, a referendum was held on a new constitution. The proposed change would have limited future presidents to two terms, but as it was not retroactive, Mugabe could have stood for another two terms. It would also have made his government and military officials immune from prosecution for any illegal acts committed while in office. Also, it allowed the government to confiscate white-owned land for redistribution to black farmers without compensation. It was defeated, after a low 20% turnout, by a strong urban vote, fuelled by an effective SMS campaign. Mugabe declared that he would "abide by the will of the people". The vote was a surprise to ZANU-PF, and an embarrassment before parliamentary elections due in mid-April. Almost immediately self-styled "war veterans", led by Chenjerai 'Hitler' Hunzvi, start invading white-owned farms. On April 6, 2000, parliament pushed through an amendment, taken word for word from the draft constitution that was rejected by voters, allowing the seizure of white-owned farmland.


Mugabe faced Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in presidential elections in March 2002. Amid accusations of violence and claims that large numbers of citizens in anti-Mugabe strongholds were prevented from voting, Mugabe defeated Tsvangirai by 56% to 42%. Mugabe was helped by an unprecedented turnout of 90% in his rural stronghold of Mashonaland (55% of the population voted overall), although there are credible claims that the turnout may have been rigged.

On July 3rd, 2004, a report
adopted by the African Union executive council, which comprises foreign ministers of the 53 member states, criticised the government for the arrests and torture of opposition members of parliament and human rights lawyers, the arrests of journalists, the stifling of freedom of expression and clampdowns on other civil liberties.

It was compiled by the AU's African Commission on Human and People's Rights, which sent a mission to Zimbabwe from June 24th to 28th 2002, shortly after the presidential elections.

The report was apparently not submitted to the AU's 2003 summit because it had not been translated into French. It was adopted at the next AU summit in 2005.

Mugabe's ZANU-PF party won the 2005 Zimbabwe parliamentary elections with an increased majority. The elections were said to "reflect the free will of the people of Zimbabwe" by the South African observers, despite accusations of widespread fraud from the MDC.




Opposition to Mugabe

Handshake of Jack Straw and Robert MugabeIn recent years Mugabe has emerged as one of Africa's most controversial leaders. His critics accuse him of being a corrupt dictator, and an extremely poor role model for the continent at a time when Africa should be trying to embrace greater democratic reforms. Mugabe's supporters tend to dismiss much of the criticism as being racially motivated, and characterize it as being little more than the bitter remarks of those who have been disadvantaged by his policies.

Since Mugabe began to redistribute white-owned landholdings, he has faced harsh attacks, externally from mostly Western countries including the former colonial power of the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, and internally from trade-unions and urban Zimbabweans, who overwhelmingly support the opposition Movement for Democratic Change. In addition, some African figures have condemned Mugabe, such as Archbishop Pius Ncube, and the South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who called Mugabe a "caricature of an African dictator", Zambia's long-time leader Kenneth Kaunda, who asked Mugabe to "bury the hatchet and get on with economic development instead of fighting 'colonialist ghosts'", while Botswana President Festus Mogae distanced himself from the SADC statement opposing the Commonwealth suspension. Mugabe has been condemned by Western non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International, charging that he has committed human rights abuses against minority Ndebeles, the opposition MDC, white landowners, and homosexuals. Mugabe and a list of members of his government are now banned from entering the European Union.

The land distribution scheme, as well as the political turmoil, have gravely affected Zimbabwe's economy (see: Economy of Zimbabwe). The former exporter of cereals is nowadays forced to import grain or to rely on humanitarian aid. Mugabe is also accused of favoring his political allies and members of his ethnic group during the redistribution of white farmers' land. Many of the victims of the current upheaval are farm workers, with no replacements while the land is standing idle.


Mugabe with ZANU-PF supportersOn March 9, 2003, US President George W. Bush approved measures for economic sanctions to be leveled against Mugabe and numerous other high-ranking Zimbabwe politicians, freezing their assets and barring Americans from engaging in any transactions or dealings with them. Justifying the move, Bush's spokesman stated the President and Congress believe that "the situation in Zimbabwe endangers the southern African region and threatens to undermine efforts to foster good governance and respect for the rule of law throughout the continent". The bill was known as the "Zimbabwe Democracy Act" and was deemed "racist" by Mugabe.

On December 8, 2003, in protest against a further 18 months of suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations (thereby cutting foreign aid to Zimbabwe), Mugabe withdrew his country from the Commonwealth. According to reports, Robert Mugabe informed the leaders of Jamaica, Nigeria and South Africa of his decision when they telephoned him to discuss the situation. Zimbabwe's government said the President did not accept the Commonwealth's position, and was leaving the group.

Many African nations, led by South Africa, want Zimbabwe to be brought back into the fold which they claim would encourage dialogue between Mugabe and domestic opponents, while industrialized Commonwealth powers, namely the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, have held fast on the suspension of Zimbabwe.

Pius Ncube, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bulawayo, leads a consortium of Christian faiths opposed to Mugabe. Ncube has won human rights awards for opposing the alleged torture and starvation used as a political weapon by the Mugabe government. In 2005, Ncube has called for a "popular mass uprising" in the style of the Orange Revolution or Tulip Revolution to remove Mugabe from power.

On April 8, 2005, Mugabe defied an European Union travel ban that does not apply to Vatican City by attending the Funeral of Pope John Paul II. He was granted a transit visa by the Italian authorities, as they are obliged to under the Concordat.

Twice, Peter Tatchell of the gay rights group OutRage! has tried to place Mugabe under citizen's arrest for human rights abuses during the leader's visits to the United Kingdom.


Succession
As one of Africa's longest-lasting leaders, speculation has built over the years as to the future of Zimbabwe after Mugabe leaves office. His age and increasing reports of failing health have focused more attention on possible successors within his party as well as the opposition.

In June 2005, a report that Mugabe had entered a hospital for tests on his heart fueled rumors that he had died of a heart attack; these reports were dismissed by a Mugabe spokesman. This was followed by Operation Murambatsvina(or "Drive Out Trash"), a police campaign to demolish houses and businesses that had been built without permission on land previously taken from white landholders and intended for redistribution. Opponents called this an attempt to disperse urban centers of dissent into rural areas where the government had more control. Former information minister Jonathan Moyo attributed the events to a power struggle within the party over who would succeed Mugabe.

Joyce Mujuru, recently elevated to vice-president of ZANU-PF during the December 2004 party congress and considerably younger than Joseph Msika, the other vice-president, has been mentioned as a likely successor to Mugabe.


Movie connection (April 2005)
Robert Mugabe is supposedly the inspiration for Dr. Zuwanie, the central African character in the movie The Interpreter with Sean Penn and Nicole Kidman which takes place at the United Nations. Zuwanie is a controversial African leader who travels to New York to make a speech to the United Nations General Assembly. He is portrayed as being a leader who rose to power as a liberator, but then grew corrupt and oppressive, much as Mugabe is considered to be by the Western world.

Tikritos "Cruel Ranch and Other Progressive Flavors

Che-Mart superstore, was the first to learn the news from socialist networks: Saddam Hussein still believes he is president of Iraq, is obsessed with cleanliness, makes bad coffee, and loves Doritos, an ex-guard has revealed.

Anticipating a new fad among its progressive consumers, Che-Mart rushed the manufacturing of Tikritos, a new product modeled on capitalist Doritos. In the spirit of socialist competition, the fastest-growing producer of progressive products didn't spare any of its sweatshop laborers in bringing the new favorite socialist flavor to the masses.

I went to the Last Bill Grahmn Crusade!

Yesterday here in New York City, I took my best freinds mother to see Billy Grahm.
This is supposed to be his last crusade, I was a bit reluctant, but decided to attend! I took the train from Time Square and got to Queen's The area of teh park is called Flushing! Any way I suprised to see so m any people. There were over 50, thousand at least. While there people were met by a funementalist group called A TRUE CHRUCH ..This is there website. They held anti gay, and Billy Grahm sign's.

They believe that Graham is going to hell. They even had signs saying FAG'S go to hell,http://www.atruechurch.info/home.html. What shoked me evn more than these nuts, was the disgust in the eyes of the people going to Graham. Many argued for hours, about hoe unchritsian it was to use such language! They argued some until late in the night. It was kind of funny, seeing religious evangelical's defending gay people.
Well life is neither black or white at times..just grey! Any way the crusade was fun, with people dancing, and people handling out leaflets.It was a very diverse crowd, Indians, Korean,Black, White. There was also a group handing out leaflefts they all wore beards and amoish like clothe's. I asked them were they were from, they are a commune like the amosih! They make there own clothes, and just want to live in peace, he told me! To me it seemed alittle cultish, but I do not know much abou them. They did have black members, one ran up to me when he saw me inquiring about the group! The Crusade was on a Friday, and is going through the entire weekend. I rember Graham saying "The Yanks are not doing too well, and they and the Mets both need your prayers". "I always pray for New York because I love this city."
I guess in some small way I was part of history!

Black Invention Myths

When I was kid, I went to a urban elementary school, all day I was told by black teachers, how special I was. One of the things i was always told is that African Americans invented many popular things! As I have gotten older and wiser, I understand the complexity of such statements. Some of the staments were true but a whole lot of them were myths! Here are just a few. I will also some real inventions that are not myth, in my blog next week! Also most of these were ideas that helped improve an already invention.

All one has to do is look in Wikipedia to find this out.

Distorting the truth to make black kids feel better is wrong, because when
like me they go to college believing this bull shit they look stupid!

Black Invention Myths

Perhaps you've heard the claims: Were it not for the genius and energy of African-American inventors, we might find ourselves in a world without traffic lights, peanut butter, blood banks, light bulb filaments, and a vast number of other things we now take for granted but could hardly imagine life without.

Traffic Signal

Invented by Garrett A. Morgan in 1923? No!
The first known traffic signal appeared in London in 1868 near the Houses of Parliament. Designed by JP Knight, it featured two semaphore arms and two gas lamps. The earliest electric traffic lights include Lester Wire's two-color version set up in Salt Lake City circa 1912, James Hoge's system (US patent #1,251,666) installed in Cleveland by the American Traffic Signal Company in 1914, and William Potts' 4-way red-yellow-green lights introduced in Detroit beginning in 1920. New York City traffic towers began flashing three-color signals also in 1920.

Garrett Morgan's cross-shaped, crank-operated semaphore was not among the first half-hundred patented traffic signals; nor was it "automatic" as is sometimes claimed; nor did it play any part in the evolution of the modern traffic light. See Inventing History: Garrett Morgan and the Traffic Signal.

Gas Mask
Garrett Morgan in 1914? No! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mask
The invention of the gas mask predates Morgan's breathing device by several decades. Early versions were constructed by the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse in 1854 and the physicist John Tyndall in the 1870s, among many other inventors prior to World War I

George Washington Carver (who began his peanut research in 1903)? No!

Peanuts, which are native to the New World tropics, were mashed into paste by Aztecs hundreds of years ago. Evidence of modern peanut butter comes from US patent #306727 issued to Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec in 1884, for a process of milling roasted peanuts between heated surfaces until the peanuts reached "a fluid or semi-fluid state." As the product cooled, it set into what Edson described as "a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment." In 1890, George A. Bayle Jr., owner of a food business in St. Louis, manufactured peanut butter and sold it out of barrels. J.H. Kellogg, of cereal fame, secured US patent #580787 in 1897 for his "Process of Preparing Nutmeal," which produced a "pasty adhesive substance" that Kellogg called "nut-butter."

Automatic Lubricator, "Real McCoy"
Elijah McCoy revolutionized industry in 1872 by inventing the first device to automatically oil machinery? No! The phrase "Real McCoy" arose to distinguish Elijah's inventions from cheap imitations? No!
The oil cup, which automatically delivers a steady trickle of lubricant to machine parts while the machine is running, predates McCoy's career; a description of one appears in the May 6, 1848 issue of Scientific American. The automatic "displacement lubricator" for steam engines was developed in 1860 by John Ramsbottom of England, and notably improved in 1862 by James Roscoe of the same country. The "hydrostatic" lubricator originated no later than 1871.

Variants of the phrase Real McCoy appear in Scottish literature dating back to at least 1856 — well before Elijah McCoy started designing lubricators.


Dr. Charles Drew in 1940? No!
During World War I, Dr. Oswald H. Robertson of the US army preserved blood in a citrate-glucose solution and stored it in cooled containers for later transfusion. This was the first use of "banked" blood. By the mid-1930s the Russians had set up a national network of facilities for the collection, typing, and storage of blood. Bernard Fantus, influenced by the Russian program, established the first hospital blood bank in the United States at Chicago's Cook County Hospital in 1937. It was Fantus who coined the term "blood bank." See highlights of transfusion history from the American Association of Blood Banks

Did Charles Drew "discover" (in about 1940) that plasma could be separated and stored apart from the rest of the blood, thereby revolutionizing transfusion medicine? No!

The possibility of using blood plasma for transfusion purposes was known at least since 1918, when English physician Gordon R. Ward suggested it in a medical journal. In the mid-1930s, John Elliott advanced the idea, emphasizing plasma's advantages in shelf life and donor-recipient compatibility, and in 1939 he and two colleagues reported having used stored plasma in 191 transfusions.


Washington DC city plan
Benjamin Banneker? No!
Pierre-Charles L'Enfant created the layout of Washington DC. Banneker assisted Andrew Ellicott in the survey of the federal territory, but played no direct role in the actual planning of the city. The story of Banneker reconstructing the city design from memory after L'Enfant ran away with the plans (with the implication that the project would have failed if not for Banneker) has been debunked.

Filament for Light Bulb
Lewis Latimer invented the carbon filament in 1881 or 1882? No!

English chemist/physicist Joseph Swan experimented with a carbon-filament incandescent light all the way back in 1860, and by 1878 had developed a better design which he patented in Britain. On the other side of the Atlantic, Thomas Edison developed a successful carbon-filament bulb, receiving a patent for it in January 1880 (#223898), before Lewis Latimer did any work in electric lighting. From 1880 onward, countless patents were issued for innovations in filament design and manufacture (Edison had over 50 of them). Neither of Latimer's two filament-related patents in 1881 and 1882 were among the most important innovations, nor did they make the light bulb last longer, nor is there reason to believe they were adopted outside Hiram Maxim's company where Latimer worked at the time. (He was not hired by Edison's company until 1884, primarily as a draftsman and an expert witness in patent litigations).

Latimer also did not come up with the first screw socket for the light bulb or the first book on electric lighting.

Heart Surgery (first successful)
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams in 1893? No!
Dr. Williams repaired a wound not in the heart muscle itself, but in the sac surrounding it, the pericardium. This operation was not the first of its type: Henry Dalton of St. Louis performed a nearly identical operation two years earlier, with the patient fully recovering. Decades before that, the Spaniard Francisco Romero carried out the first successful pericardial surgery of any type, incising the pericardium to drain fluid compressing the heart.

Surgery on the actual human heart muscle, and not just the pericardium, was first successfully accomplished by Ludwig Rehn of Germany when he repaired a wounded right ventricle in 1896. More than 50 years later came surgery on the open heart, pioneered by John Lewis, C. Walton Lillehei (often called the "father of open heart surgery") and John Gibbon (who invented the heart-lung machine).

"Third Rail"
Granville Woods in 1901? No!
Werner von Siemens pioneered the use of an electrified third rail as a means for powering railway vehicles when he demonstrated an experimental electric train at the 1879 Berlin Industrial Exhibition. In the US, English-born Leo Daft used a third-rail system to electrify the Baltimore & Hampden lines in 1885. The first electrically powered subway trains, which debuted in London in the autumn of 1890, likewise drew power from a third rail. Details...

Railway Telegraph
Granville Woods prevented railway accidents and saved countless lives by inventing the train telegraph (patented in 1887), which allowed communication to and from moving trains? No!
The earliest patents for train telegraphs go back to at least 1873. Lucius Phelps was the first inventor in the field to attract widespread notice, and the telegrams he exchanged on the New York, New Haven & Hartford railroad in January 1885 were hailed in the Feb. 21, 1885 issue of Scientific American as "perhaps the first ever sent to and from a moving train." Phelps remained at the forefront in developing the technology and by the end of 1887 already held 14 US patents on his system. He joined a team led by Thomas Edison, who had been working on his "grasshopper telegraph" for trains, and together they constructed on the Lehigh Valley Railroad one of the only induction telegraph systems ever put to commercial use. Although this telegraph was a technical success, it fulfilled no public want, and the market for on-board train telegraphy never took off. There is no evidence that any commercial railway telegraph based on Granville Woods's patents was ever built. About the patent interference case

Air Conditioner
Frederick Jones in 1949? No!
Dr. Willis Carrier built the first machine to control both the temperature and humidity of indoor air. He received the first of many patents in 1906 (US patent #808897, for the "Apparatus for Treating Air"). In 1911 he published the formulae that became the scientific basis for air conditioning design, and four years later formed the Carrier Engineering Corporation to develop and manufacture AC systems.

Airship
J.F. Pickering in 1900? No!
French engineer Henri Giffard successfully flew a powered navigable airship in 1852. The La France airship built by Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs in 1884 featured an electric motor and improved steering capabilities. In 1900 Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin's first rigid-framed dirigible took to the air. Of the hundreds of inventors granted patents for early airship designs and modifications, few succeeded in building or flying their craft. There doesn't appear to be any record of a "Pickering Airship" ever getting off the ground.

Cellular Phone
Henry T. Sampson in 1971? No!
On July 6, 1971, Sampson and co-inventor George Miley received a patent on a "gamma electric cell" that converted a gamma ray input into an electrical output (Among the first to do that was Bernhard Gross, US patent #3122640, 1964). What, you ask, does gamma radiation have to do with cellular communications technology? The answer: nothing. Some multiculturalist pseudo-historian must have seen the words "electric" and "cell" and thought "cell phone."

The father of the cell phone is Martin Cooper who first demonstrated the technology in 1973.

Clothes Dryer
George T. Sampson in 1892? No!
The "clothes-drier" described in Sampson's patent was actually a rack for holding clothes near a stove, and was intended as an "improvement" on similar contraptions:

My invention relates to improvements in clothes-driers.... The object of my invention is to suspend clothing in close relation to a stove by means of frames so constructed that they can be readily placed in proper position and put aside when not required for use.

US patent #476416, 1892

Nineteen years earlier, there were already over 300 US patents for such "clothes-driers" (Subject-Matter Index of Patents...1790 to 1873).

A Frenchman named Pochon in 1799 built the first known tumble dryer — a crank-driven, rotating metal drum pierced with ventilation holes and held over heat. Electric tumble dryers appeared in the first half of the 20th century.

Elevator
Alexander Miles in 1887? No!
Was Miles the first to patent a self-closing shaft door? No!
Steam-powered hoisting devices were used in England by 1800. Elisha Graves Otis' 1853 "safety elevator" prevented the car from falling if the cable broke, and thus paved the way for the first commercial passenger elevator, installed in New York City's Haughwout Department Store in 1857. The first electric elevator appeared in Mannheim, Germany in 1880, built by the German firm of Siemens and Halske. A self-closing shaft door was invented by J.W. Meaker in 1874 ("Improvement in Self-closing Hatchways," US Patent No. 147,853). See Elevator Timeline

Fastest Computer/Computation
Was Philip Emeagwali responsible for the world's fastest computer or computation in 1989? Did he win the "Nobel Prize of computing"? Is he a "father of the Internet"? No!
The fastest performance of a computer application in 1989 was 6 billion floating point operations per second (6 Gflops), achieved by a team from Mobil and Thinking Machines Corp. on a 64,000-processor "Connection Machine" invented by Danny Hillis. That was almost double the 3.1 Gflops of Emeagwali's computation. Computing's Nobel Prize equivalent is the Turing Award, which Emeagwali has never won. More...

Fire Extinguisher
Thomas J. Martin in 1872? No!
In 1813, British army captain George Manby created the first known portable fire extinguisher: a two-foot-tall copper cylinder that held 3 gallons of water and used compressed air as a propellant. One of the earliest extinguishers to use a chemical extinguishing agent, and not just water, was invented in 1849 by the Englishman William Henry Phillips, who patented his "fire annihilator" in England and the United States (US patent #7,269).

Ice Cream
Augustus Jackson in 1832? No!
Flavored ices resembling sherbet were known in China in ancient times. In Europe, sherbet-like concoctions evolved into ice cream by the 16th century, and around 1670 or so, the Café Procope in Paris offered creamy frozen dairy desserts to the public. The first written record of ice cream in the New World comes from a letter dated 1700, attesting that Maryland Governor William Bladen served the treat to his guests. In 1777, the New York Gazette advertised the sale of ice cream by confectioner Philip Lenzi. History of Ice Cream

Laser Cataract Surgery
Patricia Bath "transformed eye surgery" by inventing the first laser device to treat cataracts in 1986? No!
Use of lasers to treat cataracts in the eye began to develop in the mid 1970s. M.M. Krasnov of Russia reported the first such procedure in 1975. One of the earliest US patents for laser cataract removal (#3,982,541) was issued to Francis L'Esperance in 1976. In later years, a number of experimenters worked independently on laser devices for removing cataracts, including Daniel Eichenbaum, whose work became the basis of the Paradigm Photon™ device; and Jack Dodick, whose Dodick Laser PhotoLysis System eventually became the first laser unit to win FDA approval for cataract removal in the United States. Still, the majority of cataract surgeries continue to be performed using ultrasound devices, not lasers. Details...

Lawn Mower
John Burr in 1899? No!
English engineer Edwin Budding invented the first reel-type lawn mower (with blades arranged in a cylindrical pattern) and had it patented in England in 1830. In 1868 the United States issued patent #73807 to Amariah M. Hills of Connecticut, who went on to establish the Archimedean Lawn Mower Co. in 1871. By 1888, the US Patent Office had granted 138 patents for lawn mowers (Butterworth, Growth of Industrial Art). Doubtlessly there were even more by the time Burr got his patent in 1899.

Some website authors want Burr to have invented the first "rotary blade" mower, with a centrally mounted spinning blade. But his patent #624749 shows yet another twist on the old reel mower, differing in only a few details with Budding's original.

Mailbox (letter drop box)
P. Downing invented the street letter drop box in 1891? No!
George Becket invented the private mailbox in 1892? No!
The US Postal Service says that "Street boxes for mail collection began to appear in large [US] cities by 1858." They appeared in Europe even earlier, according to historian Laurin Zilliacus:

Mail boxes as we understand them first appeared on the streets of Belgian towns in 1848. In Paris they came two years later, while the English received their 'pillar boxes' in 1855.

Laurin Zilliacus, Mail for the World, p. 178 (New York, J. Day Co., 1953)

From the same book (p.178), "Private mail boxes were invented in the United States in about 1860."

Eventually, letter drop boxes came equipped with inner lids to prevent miscreants from rummaging through the mail pile. The first of many US patents for such a purpose was granted in 1860 to John North of Middletown, Connecticut (US Pat. #27466).

Printing Press
W.A. Lavalette invented "the advanced printing press" in 1878? No!
Movable-type printing first appeared in East Asia. In Europe, around 1455, Johann Gutenberg adapted the screw press used in other trades such as winemaking and combined it with type-metal alloy characters and oil-based printing ink. Major advances after Gutenberg include the cylinder printing press (c. 1811) by Frederick Koenig and Andreas Bauer, the rotary press (1846) by Richard M. Hoe, and the web press (1865) by William Bullock. Major advances do not include Lavalette's patent, which was only one of 3,268 printing patents granted in the US by the year 1888 (Butterworth, Growth of Industrial Art). Improvements After Gutenberg

Refrigerator
Thomas Elkins in 1879? John Stanard in 1891? No!
Oliver Evans proposed a mechanical refrigerator based on a vapor-compression cycle in 1805 and Jacob Perkins had a working machine built in 1834. Dr. John Gorrie created an air-cycle refrigeration system in about 1844, which he installed in a Florida hospital. In the 1850s Alexander Twining in the USA and James Harrison in Australia used mechanical refrigeration to produce ice on a commercial scale. Around the same time, the Carré brothers of France led the development of absorption refrigeration systems. A more detailed timeline

Stanard's patent describes not a refrigeration machine, but an old-fashioned icebox — an insulated cabinet into which ice is placed to cool the interior. As such, it was a "refrigerator" only in the old sense of the term, which included non-mechanical coolers. Elkins created a similarly low-tech device, acknowledging in his patent #221222 that "I am aware that chilling substances inclosed within a porous box or jar by wetting its outer surface is an old and well-known process."

Screw Socket for Light Bulb
Lewis Latimer? No!
The earliest evidence for a light bulb screw base design is a drawing in a Thomas Edison notebook dated Sept. 11, 1880. It is not the work of Latimer, though:

Edison's long-time associates, Edward H. Johnson and John Ott, were principally responsible for designing fixtures in the fall of 1880. Their work resulted in the screw socket and base very much like those widely used today.

R. Friedel and P. Israel, Edison's Electric Light: Biography of an Invention, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1986).

The 1880 sketch of the screw socket is reproduced in the book cited above.

Smallpox Vaccine
Onesimus the slave in 1721? No! Onesimus knew of variolation, an early inoculation technique practiced in several areas of the world before the discovery of vaccination.
English physician Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 after finding that the relatively innocuous cowpox virus built immunity against the deadly smallpox. This discovery led to the eventual eradication of endemic smallpox throughout the world. Vaccination differs from the primitive inoculation method known as variolation, which involved the deliberate planting of live smallpox into a healthy person in hopes of inducing a mild form of the disease that would provide immunity from further infection. Variolation not only was risky to the patient but, more importantly, failed to prevent smallpox from spreading. Known in Asia by 1000 AD, the practice reached the West via more than one channel.

Toilet
T. Elkins in 1897? No!
The Minoans of Crete are said to have invented a flush toilet thousands of years ago; however, there is probably no direct ancestral relationship between it and the modern one that evolved primarily in England starting in the late 16th century, when Sir John Harrington devised a flushing device for his godmother Queen Elizabeth. In 1775 Alexander Cummings patented a toilet in which some water remained after each flush, thereby suppressing odors from below. The "water closet" continued to evolve, and in 1885, Thomas Twyford provided us with a single-piece ceramic toilet similar to the one we know today. Who Invented the Toilet?

Tricycle
M.A. Cherry in 1886? No!
In Germany in the year 1680 or thereabouts, paraplegic watchmaker Stephan Farffler built his own tricycle at 22 years of age. He designed it to be pedaled with the hands, for obvious reasons. History of the tricycle

Typewriter
L.S. Burridge & N.R. Marshman in 1885? No!
Henry Mill, an English engineer, was the first person to patent the basic idea of the typewriter in 1714. The first working typewriter known to have actually been built was the work of Pellegrino Turri of Italy in 1808. Americans C. L. Sholes and C. Glidden patented the familiar QWERTY keyboard in 1868 and brought it to market in 1873. In 1878 change-case keys were added that enabled the typing of both capital and small letters

Democratic Symbols..

Just some history!



On January 19, 1870, a political cartoon by Thomas Nast appearing in Harper's Weekly titled "A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" for the first time symbolized the Democratic Party as a donkey. Since then, the donkey has been widely used as a symbol of the Party, though unlike the Republican elephant, the donkey has never been officially adopted as the Party's logo. The DNC's official logo, pictured at right, depicts a stylized kicking donkey.



In the early 20th century, the traditional symbol of the Democratic Party in Midwestern states such as Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio was the rooster, as opposed to the Republican eagle. This symbol still appears on Kentucky and Indiana ballots.

For the majority of the 20th Century, Missouri Democrats used the Statue of Liberty as their ballot emblem. This meant that when Libertarian candidates received ballot access in Missouri in 1976, they could not use the Statue of Liberty, their national symbol, as the ballot emblem. Missouri Libertarians instead used the Liberty Bell until 1995, when the mule became Missouri's state animal. From 1995 until 2004 there was some confusion on the behalf of voters, as the Democratic ticket was marked with the Statue of Liberty, and it seemed that the Libertarians were using a donkey.

In addition to the physical symbols of the Democratic Party are its emotional symbols. These include persons (Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy), programs (Social Security, minimum wage, Medicare) and goals (expanded health insurance availability, greater incomes for average American citizens, a fairer tax structure, a foreign policy more successful in pursuing the twin goals of both peace and strength.)

A Democratic activist over the last four decades, and delegate to the 2004 Democratic National Convention, State Representative Mark B. Cohen of Philadelphia, said "One cannot fully understand Democratic policy proposals unless one understands the past. Year after year, the Democrats took ideas that were considered impractical and converted them into programs considered to be necessities by many Americans. Democratic campaign rhetoric is full of symbolic references to these achievements

"Obey"..Obey..Obey.."You Must Obey"

I found this great definition of Group Think it defines Democrats to a "T". It also defines some groups in the Republican Party. But the Democrat's are ideologicaly collectivst, not indiviuslaist!

Eight Main Symptoms of Group Think


Illusion of Invulnerability: Members ignore obvious danger, take extreme risk, and are overly optimistic.

Collective Rationalization: Members discredit and explain away warning contrary to group thinking.

Illusion of Morality: Members believe their decisions are morally correct, ignoring the ethical consequences of their decisions.

Excessive Stereotyping:The group constructs negative sterotypes of rivals outside the group.

Pressure for Conformity: Members pressure any in the group who express arguments against the group's stereotypes, illusions, or commitments, viewing such opposition as disloyalty.

Self-Censorship: Members withhold their dissenting views and counter-arguments.

Illusion of Unanimity: Members perceive falsely that everyone agrees with the group's decision; silence is seen as consent.

Mindguards: Some members appoint themselves to the role of protecting the group from adverse information that might threaten group complacency.




Avoiding Group Think


The group should be made aware of the causes and consequences of group think.

The leader should be neutral when assigning a decision-making task to a group, initially witholding all preferences and expectations. This practice will be especially effective if the leaders consistently encourages an atmosphere of open inquiry.

The leader should give high priority to airing objections and doubts, and be accepting of criticism.

Groups should always consider unpopular alternatives, assigning the role of devil's advocate to several strong members of the group.

Sometimes it is useful to divide the group into two separate deliberative bodies as feasibilities are evaluated.

Spend a sizable amount of time surveying all warning signals from rival group and organizations.

After reaching a prelimiary consensus on a decision, all residual doubts should be expressed and the matter reconsidered.

Outside experts should be included in vital decision making.

Tentative decisions should be discussed with trusted colleagues not in the decision-making group.

The organization should routinely follow the administrative practice of establishing several independent decision-making groups to work on the same critical issue or policy.

Queer eye for the sexist, racist, Anti Semite Guy!

Recenly this drama queen, set and applauded the homophobic, and anti Semite Louis Farkhan. Nearly choking on his tears Keith Boykin, a leftist,gay activist, was invited to speak at a forum on black issues in Atlanta. I first heard of Keith when I lived in Washington, DC. My friend at the time at Howard university, Sterling Washington, lead a new gay group on campus. Infact me and Sterling lived in the same apartment house for some month's. Anyway some band members attacked a gay student and I along with other students protested the crime.

I remmber reading about Keith repsonding to the homophobic act Howard! Another memory I have of Keith was in 2000, I was eating dinner with a groups of Republican's at Georgetown university. While there we turned on C-span. There was Keith predicting in 2000 that Bush could "unpack his bags and stay home, because he would not be moving into the white house" ! Keith would have had some conflict of interest, he worked for Bill Clinton. Infact he was an aide in the Clinton White House! He also worked on the Clinton/Gore Campaign! Keith was also the an assistant to the President and Director of Specialty Media. Special Assistant to the President and Director of Media affairs.

Keith had I guess its fair to say a conflict of interest. He wanted bad to see Gore get elected! Maybe he could have gotten another cushy job, working for the man!

Today his old job is taken I think by a Republican Mamo Jean S.

Obvioulsy the false prophecy concerning Bush failed. Bush did not pack his fucking bag's instead he brought everything but the kitchen sink! Keith also lost on MTV's political reality show to a white republican evangelical. He has just published a book about "the DL" lifestyle. Which means on the down low, men who proclaim they are heterosexual while having sex, with other men.

I happend to have seen the book again in Chelsea, which is a gay area in New York! The book seems to be a repsonce to another book by J.L King.

J.L King's book a bestseller, is about his own personal life while on the "DL". Infact he says "The source of my expertise on this subject is, quite simply, my own life". Keith Boykin has had some problems with the book, and wrote his book to "expose" the facts! I personaly call it the "death lifestyle".

Most of these guys have on average more sex than the average out gay men! Another account of Boykin's is his love affair with the notorious Minsiter Louis Farakhan. Farakhan a supporter of Robert Mugabe the dictator of Zimbawe and Khadafii of Libya,(prior to Khadafi's reporting his WMD'S) anti Semite, and homophobe. A

nway C-Span recorded a forum on the state of black America, hosted but the fast talking, Tavis Smiley! While on the forum Keith surprised the audience. He said that while in the back room, Farakhan said he loved him! Yeah okay! Whatever..What is so amazing is this anti Bush festival in Atlanta, was held in a "anti gay marriage church". Anyway Keith, is on cloud 9 about his new relationship with Anti Semite Farakhan. Note to Keith, if you can shake and embrace Farakhan, then surely you can put up with Bush! Keith seems to have the stomach for embracing different beliefe systems accept Republican. He can embrace a holocaust denier, but not Bush. He can sit amongs a Marxist, Prof Cornell West, and hug an avid opponet of gay marriage the head of the African American Episcopal Church. Keith is a man of great ideological flexibilityy.
I am hopeful and confident that Keith can flex those muscles for................. "FOUR MORE YEARS"!

Rev. Keith Butler Running 4 Senate

Rev. Keith Butler has put his hat in to run for Senate. Butler is a black Republican who may be able to draw votes from Detroit. In most races a white Republican would have trouble doing so in a statewide race. He is also a holy filled Pentecostal, who speaks in tongues! I hope he does not speak in tongues on the Senate floor! Maybe he can rebuke some demon's while he is at it. His website shows he is heavily inolved with the word of faith movement. This movement is controversial in evangelical intellectual circles. But in most black area's its part of everyday worship!

Also yahoo is reporting that Keith Butler received the endorsement of 15 key state senators and representatives today. Senators Jason Allen, Alan Cropsey, Valde Garcia, Bill Hardiman, Ron Jelinek, and Tony Stamas joined the Butler Team. Also joining the Butler Team were State Representatives Tom Casperson, Judy Emmons, John Garfield, Bob Gosselin, Scott Hummel, Jim Marleau, Fulton Sheen, John Stahl, and Howard Walker.

"Keith Butler is a candidate that voters across this state can be proud of. He has the vision and integrity we need in the U.S. Senate. Keith is the only candidate that can take on Debbie Stabenow in every corner of this state. My colleagues and I know that on the issues of taxes, spending, homeland security and moral issues, Debbie Stabenow is on the wrong side and Keith Butler stands with us and the voters of this state," said Senator Alan Cropsey.

Representative Scott Hummel said, "I am proud to join my colleagues in the House and Senate in support of Keith Butler. On every major issue of importance, Keith Butler stands with the voters of Michigan. We have endorsed Keith Butler because we believe in him, and we believe he has what it takes to be our next U.S. Senator."

These 15 legislators join Attorney General Mike Cox and an ever-growing list of party activists who support Keith Butler for U.S. Senate.

KKK ex-leader gets 60 years..Not enough Time!!!!!

Edgar Ray Killen was sentenced on Thursday to the maximum 60 years'
He should have been sent him and his buddies to an electric chair, where we could have fried his ass! What a sick man, and to have gotten away with such hate and bigotry for so long!
I know why this fucker became a minister one word "guilt". What a fucking retard, he should have been fried, fucking bigot!The jury in Mississippi rejected murder charges against, but found him guilty of recruiting a mob to kill three Civil Right leaders!

To the men who died, May youre souls rest in Peace!!



James Earl Chaney
(May 30, 1943 - June 21, 1964)






Andrew Goodman

(1943 - June 21, 1964)




Michael Schwerner

(1939 - June 21, 1964

A Black Republican..Who Sucks!

The other anoying Jessie...Yikes!!!!



While many white Republican's love them some Jessie Lee Peterson.
I find him down right silly, and annoying! I think he has some points
but all together for the Heritage Foundation to have him
lead a panel on black Republican's offends me! He is not the
best represenative. He may be a great preacher, but he does
noe represent this Black Republican. He has started a blacklist
which he says are destroying black American!If any thing Jessie
is destroying the possiblity of blacks to consider the
Republcian party. Every time he makes a TV apperance I cringe!


http://www.bondinfo.org/activism/blacklist/blacklist.htm

Out in Space Republicans..who like being Pied!

I am pleased to let my blog readers know,
that 8 more "Out in Space" Republicans have signed on to the
Anti-Lynching bill. After being ridiculed in the press, they
decided to support it. It is a shame that some white Republicans,
have no idea how sensitive some issues like "lynching" can have on the impression of
our party! Stop being so idelogical and look around you! That way you want have to eat pie later!

GOP's Target for Recruitment: Russell Simmons

GOP Chairman’s Latest Target for Recruitment: Russell Simmons
Date: Sunday, June 19, 2005
By: Michael H. Cottman



Even Russell Simmons is talking to Republicans. And he’s workin’ it.

Simmons, founder of Def Jam Records and the Hip-Hop Summit Action Network, recently met with Ken Mehlman, chairman of the Republican National Committee, who has been barnstorming his way through black communities with talk of inclusion.

The hip-hop industry’s most influential spokesman and one of America’s most successful businessmen, Simmons said he was so interested in Mehlman’s message that he blew off a meeting with Howard Dean, chairman of the Democratic National Committee, that was scheduled for the same day.

"I had a great meeting with [RNC Chairman Ken Mehlman]," Simmons said last week during an interview on MSNBC's political talk show, "Hardball."

"I was on my way over to see Howard Dean," Simmons said, [But] "I had so much fun with Ken that I never even got to meet Howard."


Simmons, who has urged young people to vote in all elections, said "I sat with [Mehlman], and I felt there needs to be an effort on one of the parties to reach out and speak to the young people and to all the people who are struggling, especially the young."

Luis Miranda, a spokesman for the Democratic National Committee, said there was "never" a meeting scheduled with Dean and Simmons on the day Simmons met with Mehlman, but we are working to schedule one," Miranda told BlackAmericaWeb.com.


Simmons is the latest high-profile black American to meet with Mehlman. For the past few months, Mehlman has been visiting black neighborhoods talking to blacks about the Republican Party as part of his "Conversations with the Community" tour.

He has already traveled to a number of black areas, including Prince George's Community College, the New Jersey African American Chamber of Commerce and Howard University, along with an appearance on "The Tavis Smiley Show."

Some suggest that Simmons’ meeting with the GOP is strategic -- to work both major political parties to ensure that America’s black youth are afforded the educational resources they need and deserve.

And there’s also speculation that Simmons is sending a not-so-subtle message to Democrats to let them know he’s willing to work with Republicans to advance his youth-oriented agenda.

Simmons’ meeting with Mehlman comes at a significant time for Democrats as President George W. Bush and GOP leaders are asking black Americans flat-out if Democrats are taking them for granted.

"People like Russell Simmons are smart enough to understand the importance of sitting down with all players in politics," Hilary Shelton, director of the NAACP’s Washington, D.C. bureau, told BlackAmericaWeb.com, "and the Republican Party is an important part of our political process."

Aides to Mehlman say the chairman plans to continue his conversations with black Americans across the country.

"We will reach out to those who government has failed the most, including African-Americans and Latino Americans, and we will say, ‘If you give us a chance, we will give you a choice,’" Mehlman said last week in a speech to a multi-racial group in New Jersey.

In the past few months, Democrats have expressed concern that Mehlman is effectively working the proverbial room, courting black ministers, black organizations –- and black people period –- in an effort to convince blacks to defect from the Democratic Party, where most blacks are traditionally aligned.

Moreover, Democratic consultant Donna Brazile, the former presidential campaign manager for Al Gore, has warned Democrats that some blacks are listening to Republicans and may embrace Mehlman’s message.

Like Simmons.

"Russell Simmons has a long and distinguished history helping those in poverty and in need," Tara Wall, a spokeswoman for the RNC, told BlackAmericaWeb.com. "Chairman Mehlman shares Simmons' desire to empower our community. He wanted to meet with him and look for ways they can work together in reaching out to the African-American community."

Mehlman’s efforts in reaching out to blacks can be attributed in part to increased support from a coalition of conservative black ministers who say Republicans have helped them care for under-served residents in their communities through government faith-based initiatives and federal funding.

Among black voters, Bush received a modest turnout in both presidential elections, though Bush did manage to increase his support from nine percent in 2000 to 11 percent in 2004, according to a poll by Zogby International. Republicans insists they are making gradual but significant inroads into the black community.

"I think Mehlman will continue to reach out to African Americans, and he should," Shelton said in an interview. "His efforts continue to show signs of success."

But Shelton posed this question: Are GOP outreach efforts sincere, or just window dressing?


"The challenge for Republicans is to do more than reach out to African-Americans," Shelton said. "The challenge for Republicans is to bring African-Americans to the table; to elevate African-Americans to decision-making positions within the party, and to hire African-Americans for staff positions in Washington."

Dr. Condoleezza Rice..a women of her own!

I thought that with Condi all over the place, I should at least put some info about her on my blog! Condi prove's the feminst nuts wrong! The NOW, hate and mock Condi, some even go as far to laberl her a dyke! This mean spirited even at times racist behavior coming from the left is expected. The democrats only like minorities who toe the leftist line! It took the NAACP a week before coming to her defence, when she was attacked by a racist democrat! Well this is a biography taken from the White House site. This was written before she became Secretary of State. She was pounded brutaly during senate hearings of confrimation by pyshco Sen.Boxer a Democrat from The Peoples Republic of California. Any way Condi, bitch slapped Boxer amd demanded the bitch not demean her good name. She also showed great class and after being attacked by Boxer, went over and shook her hand! "Such class"!

Dr. Condoleezza Rice became the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor, on January 22, 2001.

In June 1999, she completed a six year tenure as Stanford University 's Provost, during which she was the institution's chief budget and academic officer. As Provost she was responsible for a $1.5 billion annual budget and the academic program involving 1,400 faculty members and 14,000 students.

As professor of political science, Dr. Rice has been on the Stanford faculty since 1981 and has won two of the highest teaching honors -- the 1984 Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching and the 1993 School of Humanities and Sciences Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching.

At Stanford, she has been a member of the Center for International Security and Arms Control, a Senior Fellow of the Institute for International Studies, and a Fellow (by courtesy) of the Hoover Institution. Her books include Germany Unified and Europe Transformed (1995) with Philip Zelikow, The Gorbachev Era (1986) with Alexander Dallin, and Uncertain Allegiance: The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army (1984). She also has written numerous articles on Soviet and East European foreign and defense policy, and has addressed audiences in settings ranging from the U.S. Ambassador's Residence in Moscow to the Commonwealth Club to the 1992 and 2000 Republican National Conventions.



From 1989 through March 1991, the period of German reunification and the final days of the Soviet Union, she served in the Bush Administration as Director, and then Senior Director, of Soviet and East European Affairs in the National Security Council, and a Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. In 1986, while an international affairs fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations, she served as Special Assistant to the Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1997, she served on the Federal Advisory Committee on Gender -- Integrated Training in the Military.

She was a member of the boards of directors for the Chevron Corporation, the Charles Schwab Corporation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the University of Notre Dame, the International Advisory Council of J.P. Morgan and the San Francisco Symphony Board of Governors. She was a Founding Board member of the Center for a New Generation, an educational support fund for schools in East Palo Alto and East Menlo Park, California and was Vice President of the Boys and Girls Club of the Peninsula . In addition, her past board service has encompassed such organizations as Transamerica Corporation, Hewlett Packard, the Carnegie Corporation, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Rand Corporation, the National Council for Soviet and East European Studies, the Mid-Peninsula Urban Coalition and KQED, public broadcasting for San Francisco.



Born November 14, 1954 in Birmingham, Alabama, she earned her bachelor's degree in political science, cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, from the University of Denver in 1974; her master's from the University of Notre Dame in 1975; and her Ph.D. from the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver in 1981. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been awarded honorary doctorates from Morehouse College in 1991, the University of Alabama in 1994, the University of Notre Dame in 1995, the National Defense University in 2002, the Mississippi College School of Law in 2003, the University of Louisville and Michigan State University in 2004. She resides in Washington, D.C.

Obama seeing Purple but feeling Red!

I have three things to say about Barack Obama, "I LIKE HIM"!

Given some of the wacky, nutty black Democrats, Senator Obama
is a breath of fresh air.He is a social conservative,biracial,and a Harvard boy. During most of his early political years he was slammed by the left for all of the above, now they just love him. He would campaign and the left would call him and unlce tom, out of touch and not fit to represent black folks. Now that he has won, its "oooh Obama wel love him!! Obamma's our man..what hypocrites..lol
I am sure he was teased also sure that as a child he was teased alot. Biracial kids go through alot to fit in. It makes them very savy and smart. They know they are different and not everyone welcomes them. So it means at times you have to fend for youre self, and become independent! When I was a kid the term used for biracial kids was "red bone". That is mostly still used in the south, in New York you hear it less. But the term is still used loosely for mixed kids. My freinds who are Biracial had to learn to ignore racial stupidity, and I am sure Obama is aware of this. He knows how to dance in both worlds.And that is rare skill, in a racialy polarized nation. The only other person I know to do this is Harold Ford who is also mixed..ooh and by the way he to is running for Senate!




I think that there are many black Democrats who are conservative, and who would make great Republican's. Obama admits to this day his favorite president is Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was born in Ripon which is in Obama's state of Illinois. Barak, is always welcome to join the party of Lincoln any day he wants, For "home is where the heart is"

Supporting the Troops!

Today along with Protest Warriors, and Communists for Kerry, I drove to phildelphia to conter protest the stupidity of the Anti War Leftist. While our troops fight, they scream "bring the troops home"! The truth is we all want the troops home, but we want them to finish the job! Like the building of a house, if you do not finish the foundation and route out the pest, the house will in time crumble. The troops are trying to finish the house and we need to support them.We are there support, we should rally beind them, not in some blind patritiosm. But because what they are doing is noble, and right.

It's not my country right or wrong, It is my country when Right to be kept right
when wonrg to be made Right!

http://communistsforkerry.com/

http://www.protestwarrior.com/

Naacp New Leader, a "Corprate Capatalist Pig"

What has the world come to, the NAACP has taken a new turn in social justice. They have hired a capatilst pig! I hope this guy is better than the last 4. He has his work cut out! It is telling that they side stepped a minister, or Activist, but prefer a corparate guy. Also he is over 55 so I gues he wont be invloved in any hanky panky, like Kwesie Mfume.

THE WASHINGTON TIMES
June 17, 2005

The next president of the NAACP will not be a political or social activist, but a former member of a Fortune 500 company, indicating a change in the organization's focus.
A source within the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People confirmed yesterday that Bruce S. Gordon, former president of retail markets for Verizon Corp., will be the next president and chief executive officer of the nation's oldest civil rights organization.
"What is out there is more or less correct; he is the guy," said a source within the organization, who asked not to be named. "There are 64 members on the board that still have to vote and actually they did a pretty good job keeping it quiet this long."
Mr. Gordon, 56, is a specialist in communications marketing and had worked at Verizon for 37 years before retiring last year. In addition to his duties promoting Verizon services and products, Mr. Gordon also was responsible for diversity at the company. However, he has little civil rights experience and is a virtual unknown to the at-large NAACP membership.
The Washington Times reported in December that some NAACP leaders thought the organization would have to tone down its outwardly partisan stance, and that picking a politically neutral president would be the best start.
"I think it is a smart move for them to move away from celebrities and political animals and start running the organization like a business," conservative commentator Armstrong Williams said.
"They are in financial trouble and they have to have a CEO to maintain the books; they don't need two activists at the top," he said referring to NAACP board Chairman Julian Bond and past President Kweisi Mfume, who is now running for a Maryland Senate seat.
But longtime grass-roots activists said it is the wrong move.
The Rev. Emmett C. Burns Jr., deputy majority whip in the Maryland House and a candidate for the job, said the organization should not succumb to outside pressure by trying to appear as if it is a business rather than a civil rights group. Mr. Burns, a Democrat, is a lifelong NAACP member.
"I know he comes with very high credentials and a record of success with Verizon, and I understand he is an expert at communications, but that is not what the NAACP needs," he said. "The NAACP is not a corporation and anyone who tries to make it a corporation is going to fail."
The NAACP is experiencing some of its most tumultuous times since the early 1990s, when its former president, Benjamin F. Chavis Jr., resigned after being caught in a sex scandal. He paid his former assistant more than $300,000 in a sealed settlement without notifying the organization, and left it in near financial ruin.
Last year, President Bush, increasingly dissatisfied with the Democratic-leaning partisan attacks of Mr. Bond, snubbed the group a third time by declining to speak at its annual convention in a presidential election year. And the Internal Revenue Service began investigating the group for being too partisan and threatened to take away its tax-exempt status -- a battle that is still being waged.

Prof. Carol Swain a true Independent

I had the wondeful opportunity, to speak to Dr. Carol Swain. Dr Swain is a professor at Vanderbilt University. She is a great independent mind in black academia, fearless and not afraid to state her mind. Dr. Swain was raised Jehovah's Witness like I was, and we discusses the trauma of growing up in such a rigid believe structure. She has two very well written papers about White Nationalism, and she also has written columns for David Howowitz'z FrontPage.

Her latest Column.."Saying Sorry..
http://www.worldmag.com/subscriber/displayarticle.cfm?id=10283 Her latest Column


Carol M. Swain, born in Bedford, Virginia, was one of twelve children. Although she never attended high school, she earned a high school equivalency diploma and her first academic degree from Virginia Western Community College. She received a B.A. from Roanoke College and M.A. from Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State University. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and in 2000 was awarded a M.L.S from Yale Law School. She is a foundation member of the Nu of Virginia Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa.

Professor Swain, formerly a tenured faculty member at Princeton University, is currently Professor of Political Science and Professor of Law at Vanderbilt University. She is a member of the James Madison Society at Princeton University. In 2003, Dr. Swain founded the Veritas Institute, Inc., a non-profit organization, dedicated to promoting justice and reconciliation among people of different races, ethnicities, faith traditions, and nations.

She is the author of Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993, 1995), named one of seven outstanding academic books of 1994 by Library Choice Journal; received the 1994 Woodrow Wilson prize for the best book published in the U. S. on government, politics, or international affairs; won the D.B. Hardeman Prize for the best Scholarly on Congress (1994-1995); and was," the co-winner of the V.O Key Award for the best book published on Southern politics. Black Faces was cited by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy in Johnson v. DeGrandy, 512 U.S. 997 (1994) and by Justice Sandra Day O’ Connor in Georgia V. Ashcroft, 539 U.S.___ (2003).

Dr. Swain’s most recent books include The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, and its edited companion Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). She is editor of Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate (University Press of America, 1996), an anthology of student essays.

Dr. Swain has published articles in both popular and academic journals and anthologies, including USA Today Magazine, op-eds in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal and The Chronicle of Higher Education and has lectured widely across the United States and in Southeast Asia. Her media appearances include BBC Radio, CNN Talk Back, The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, ABC News, Fox News Live, PBS Ben Wattenburg’s Think Tank, NPR Here & Now, NPR The Connection, NPR Morning Edition, and Daybreak USA.

Her academic honors include visiting fellowships at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Palo Alto, California, the Russell Sage Institute in New York City, and the James Madison Program at Princeton University.

http://www.carolmswain.net/book-info.html

Billy Grahm and Martin Luther King!

Billy Graham posters are all over NYC, for his last Crusade here. It will be in Flushing Park, Queens.I am not sure If I will attend or not! I have seen signs already defaced and spit on. Being in such a liberal city, which claims diversity, but so willing to tear down and destroy posters, is mind shaking! I watched him do an interview with Larry King Live, he seems to be a very humble man. He said in the interview that his wife was ill, and that she and he had nurses. Well I think Billy Graham will be die very soon, he seems much to old to still be around. He raised over 80 million for the Tsunami relief effort, which knocked me to the floor, when I heard him say it. While interviewing Billy Graham said, he group up playing and having fun with black children. He said his father hired 1 white poor family and 3 black family for the family farm. He aslo madfe many black friends in college.

This is a simple copy and paste article from Christianity Today, on Billy Graham's race relations with African Americans.

Harlem and Beyond
Graham further irked some Southern fundamentalists by inviting Martin Luther King Jr. to give an opening prayer at the crusade. "A great social revolution is going on in the United States today," Graham said as he introduced King. "Dr. King is one of its leaders, and we appreciate his taking time out of his busy schedule to come and share this service with us tonight."

This show of solidarity was lost on no one. Fundamentalist patriarch Bob Jones Sr. fired back to defend segregation against King and warn Graham of the consequences of associating with the civil-rights leader. "Dr. Graham has declared emphatically that he would not hold a meeting anywhere, North or South, where the colored people and the white people would be segregated in the auditorium," Jones said, "and I do not think any time in the foreseeable future the good Christian colored people and the good Christian white people would want to set aside an old established social and religious custom."

Even though Graham's New York City meetings obviously weren't segregated, during the first few nights of the crusade, critics and supporters alike noticed that the audiences looked more like a cross-section of Middle America than the city's diverse streets. Lamenting the absence of African Americans, Graham decided to preach where the blacks lived?Harlem. Later, at a similar event in Brooklyn, Graham for the first time voiced his support for civil rights legislation. Though Graham focused his efforts on spiritual change and emphasized the necessity of inward transformation, he also lobbied for institutional reform.

Graham's foray into Harlem accomplished the goal of attracting blacks to hear the evangelist's message. It also sparked the beginning of a historic collaboration. Two Harlem rally organizers were close friends and advisers to King. Together with King, they huddled with Graham in private strategy meetings and even swapped dreams of conducting joint evangelistic crusades. The union was not to be. King's approach was too political for Graham's taste, and they agreed to seek change in separate spheres.

The paths of Graham's and King's aides crossed again in 1962 while Graham conducted a crusade in Chicago. Graham's media adviser, Walter Bennett, offered advice to a couple of King's senior aides. Bennett deconstructed their entire approach to event organization and media relations. He warned that King would burn out if the minister continued his break-neck pace of speaking at small churches before modest audiences. Bennett suggested that King should bide his time and gear up for fewer, more spectacular events. At least some of the advice must have stuck. One year later King exhibited exceptional media savvy and organizational acumen during his defining moment, the March on Washington.

Historians will continue to debate the degree of direct influence Graham's 1957 New York City crusade had on discrediting liberal theology, marginalizing fundamentalism, and broadening the appeal of King's civil rights message. But there is no doubt the crusade witnessed a historic confluence of these significant trends that shaped contemporary evangelicalism and 20th-century American culture.


http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/papers/vol4/570831-002-To_Billy_Graham.htm

Confessions of a white Christian Republican!

A great USA Today Article Today in responce to Howard Deans rhetoric!

Confessions of a white Christian Republican
By James P. Gannon

When Democratic National Chairman Howard Dean said the other day that the Republicans were pretty much a "white, Christian party," I must admit I felt a guilty sense of self-recognition. He had nailed me cold, dead to rights. I looked in the mirror and confessed, "Yes, I am a white Christian, and I am a Republican."
Let's get the facts out here:

• I have been white all my life. I was born white in Minneapolis, one of the whitest cities in America. When I was growing up — in the white-bread 1950s, when "multicultural" meant that both Irish Catholics and Italian Catholics lived in the same parish — I knew only white people. There were only two kinds of people in the world, as far as I knew — Catholics and "non-Catholics." You couldn't marry non-Catholics, and you couldn't go to funerals or weddings in non-Catholic churches.

• Fact No. 2: We were Christians, though we never thought of ourselves that way. "Christian" had a vague, slightly non-Catholic feel to it, and it wasn't until after Pope John XXIII and Vatican II that Catholics began to feel comfortable being called "Christians."

• Fact No. 3, and here's where Dean has overlooked something important — we were white Christians, but we were not Republicans. Republicans were mostly Protestant, wealthy and members of country clubs. We were Catholic, middle-class and Democrats.

For most of my adult life, I considered myself a Democrat and voted for Democrats for president — from John F. Kennedy in 1960 to Bill Clinton in 1992. I began voting for Republican presidential candidates, and thinking of myself as Republican, only after it became abundantly clear that people with my views on abortion, prayer in school and other moral issues were no longer considered welcome in the Democratic Party.

A whole lot of us crossed over, taking our whiteness and our Christian beliefs into the party of the country-club set. We didn't feel so much that we had abandoned the Democratic Party as it had abandoned us. Borrowing the spirit of the "No Irish Need Apply" mentality of my grandparents' time, the Democrats posted a "no pro-lifers need apply" sign on their party doors. It became clear that Catholic Democratic officeholders (the Kennedys, Bidens, Kerrys and the rest) had to check their Catholic beliefs at the door and proclaim the Democratic pro-choice loyalty oath to retain good standing in their party.

So if the Republican Party has become the "white, Christian party," as Dean charges, it's partly so because the Democratic Party has made white Christians feel so uncomfortable in its ranks. The Democrats have bent over backwards to please minority groups — blacks, gays, angry feminists and atheists — at the expense of us old white guys (and gals — yes, we're not afraid to call our wives that) who grew up not feeling guilty about being white or Christian.

Of course, Dean is also overlooking an important fact, and that is the only successful Democratic presidential candidates in recent times were two white Christian guys — Jimmy Carter and Clinton, both red-state good ole boys with Southern accents and some familiarity with Scripture. So when Dean vaguely implies that "white Christian" is a pejorative term, he's playing to a Democratic base that's growing narrower and narrower — non-white, non-Christian, non-Southern and non-winning.

As a crossover Republican, I applaud Dean's take-no-prisoners approach to distilling his party into its purest essence. Displaying barely concealed contempt for white Christians is Dean's formula for ethnic and theological purity in the party, and I say, "Pour it on, Howard!" Keep it up and the Democratic Party will be confined to a few zip codes in Manhattan, Hollywood and San Francisco.

The rest of us can just say a little prayer of thanks and join our white Christian neighbors in voting straight Republican.

James P. Gannon is a retired journalist and author of A Life in Print: Selections from the Work of a Reporter, Columnist and Editor, published in March

Poor Saddam...

Check out these incredible photos of Sadam being captured by American forces. It makes you feel like you were there!

Wallace B. Jefferson, Cheif Supreme Court of Texas

The descendant of a slave, Wallace B. Jefferson of San Antonio is to be appointed the first African American chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court today, two sources close to Gov. Rick Perry said.

Rising star

Key dates in Wallace Jefferson's judicial and legal careers
November 2002: Elected to Texas Supreme Court. He and Dale Wainwright become the first African Americans elected to the state's top civil court.

March 15, 2001: Appointed to Texas Supreme Court by Gov. Rick Perry, becoming the first African American to serve on that bench. Perry calls him a 'rising star in Texas.'

1991-2001: Partner, San Antonio law firm of Crofts, Callaway & Jefferson. Argues two cases before U.S. Supreme Court, winning both on 5-4 votes.

1988: Receives law degree from the University of Texas.

Black Republican elected leaders!

Senator Bill Hardiman has served as Mayor of the City of Kentwood from 1992-2002. He has also served on the board of directors for the Grand Rapids Transit Authority, the Gerald R. Ford Boy Council Boy Scouts of America, Grand Rapids Housing Center, Michigan Municipal League, United Way of Kent County, Spectrum Health Services, Grand Valley Metropolitan Council, Kentwood Foundation, Grand Bank, Crime Victim Foundation, Grand Valley State University Foundation, and Right Place Program (a regional economic development organization)



ED JONES
Colorado State Senator, District 11
Office Location: 200 E. Colfax
Denver, CO 80203
Phone: 303-866-6364
E-mail: ed.jones.senate@state.co.us


MAURICE E. WASHINGTON
Republican
Washoe County Senatorial
District No. 2
(Portions of Lyon, Storey and
Washoe Counties)
Pastor/Businessman
E-mail: mwashington@sen.state.nv.us

Born: 1956 – Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Educated: University of Nevada, Reno, Business Administration.
Married: Donna.
Children: Michelle, Jason, Angelise, Dennis Bartee; grandson, Elijah.
Hobbies/Special Interests: Sports, reading.



Representative: Jane E. Powdrell-Culbert
District: 44
County(s): Sandoval
Party: Republican
Occupation: Public Relations
Address: Box 2212
Corrales, NM 87048
Capitol Office Phone: 986-4467



Green Cove Springs
Occupation: Retired U.S. Navy
Spouse: Nolan Carroll
Child(ren): Nolan II, Nyckie, Necho
Education: University of New Mexico, B.A., 1983-1985
Born: August 27, 1959
Military: Enlisted in the United States Navy in 1979 and served for 20 years. Served as a jet mechanic and worked her way up through the ranks to retire as a Lieutenant Commander Aviation Maintenance Officer; Meritorious Service Medal; two Navy Commendation Medals; two Navy Achievement Medals; National Defense Service Medal; Overseas Ribbon; two Coast Guard Special Operation Ribbons; Expert Pistol Medal
Moved to Florida: 1986
Religious Affiliation: Christian
Recreational Interest: stained glass creation, traveling

Legislative Service
Elected to the House May 13, 2003, reelected subsequently
First Black Female Republican elected to the Florida Legislature
Appointed Deputy Majority Leader by Speaker Johnnie Byrd, 2004
Majority Whip 2004-2006



On December 21, 2004, Ohio Governor Bob Taft announced that he would appoint Lieutenant Governor Jennette Bradley to be Ohio’s 45th Treasurer of State effective January 3, 2005, replacing Joe Deters who left to become Hamilton County Prosecutor.

As Treasurer of State, she manages a staff of more than 130, oversees and protects more than $160 billion in state funds, which includes the accounts of Ohio's five public employee retirement systems and the state's workers' compensation account. She is also responsible for managing the state’s multi-billion dollar investment portfolio.

Bradley was elected on November 5, 2002 to the office of Lieutenant Governor as Governor Taft’s running mate. Bradley is the first African-American woman to be elected as Lieutenant Governor in the nation's history

Whats so Great about America?

Dinesh D'Souza frames his recent What's So Great About America as a defense of America in the face of those who hate her. One suspects that the terrorist attacks simply served as a timely frame of reference for this lesson in American apologetics. Regardless, the book is an interesting and persuasive read.

Many of D'Souza's topics may seem old hat - arguments against slavery reparations and in defense of colonialism, for example. But the depths to which he delves is what makes this book worth reading. In opposing reparations for slavery, for instance, he addresses the historical roots of slavery, various methods of addressing racism, and reasons behind the disparity of outcomes between races. Other topics receive equally thorough treatment.

Cultural conservatives should especially note D'Souza's chapter on those who criticize America for her immorality. For that's where they (and Islamic fundamentalists) come under fire for engaging in excessive condemnation. While conceding many of cultural conservatives' arguments, D'Souza reminds us that forced morality isn't morality at all, and that by offering the freedom to choose to be moral (or immoral), America provides the best option out there. However, he doesn't simply leave it at that, but with his usual thoroughness he also pinpoints the roots of America's current moral decline, highlighting the countercultural movement of the 60s and its roots in the self-indulgent philosophy of Rousseau.

One can't describe this book without mentioning the unique perspective D'Souza is able to bring to it as an immigrant himself. Free of the victim mentality common to many minority groups in America, he's able to write proudly of a country whose primary weakness he sees as a "lack of moral self-confidence."

So pick up this book, read it, and revel. As Jeane Kirkpatrick has said, "Americans need to face the truth about themselves, no matter how pleasant it is."

Black Hitler's Lord's Resistance Army!

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)



The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) has been active in northern Uganda for 18 years. The group’s survival is due mainly to a highly centralized command structure, external aid, and the use of brutal tactics against civilians. Despite the intense efforts of the Ugandan government, the LRA has continued to wreak havoc in the north of the country. This campaign has prevented any resolution of the deep-rooted issues that have plagued the African country since it achieved independence in 1956.

The origins of the LRA stem from the aftermath of a 1986 coup orchestrated by current Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, an ethnic Munyankole from western Uganda, against then-President Tito Okello Lutwa, an ethnic Acholi from the north of the country. Fearing retribution for massacres they committed during their time in power, the remnants of the Acholi forces fled to northern Uganda and Sudan, where they coalesced under the leadership of Alice Auma “Lakwena” to form the Holy Spirit Movement (HSM). The HSM had broad popular support among the Acholis because it addressed their grievances. These grievances revolve largely around fear of marginalization in a government dominated by western Ugandans as well as resentment against perceived government-sponsored atrocities and cattle raids. After the defeat of the HSM in 1987, a power vacuum formed in northern Uganda, which Joseph Kony founded the LRA a year later to fill.



Initially, the LRA targeted only government troops, but it began to engage civilians in 1991-1992 when civilian militias were mobilized against it. In 1994, peace talks between the LRA and the government broke down, and Sudan started to supply the LRA with weapons, ammunition, fuel and other essentials. This allowed the group to endure even in a region where resources are scarce. A group of exiled Ugandan businessmen in Rome tried to achieve a truce in 1997, but the effort came to naught when Kony tried to kill one of them in the bush later that year. Acholi religious leaders have pushed for a peace initiative, and urged the government to pass the Amnesty Act in 2000, hoping to convince rebels to lay down their arms. So far, however, the core group of LRA commanders remains at large.

The LRA remains centered on its founder Joseph Kony. A ruthless leader and self-proclaimed messenger of God, Kony uses a combination of fear and mysticism to maintain control over the LRA and sustain the conflict in northern Uganda. Kony’s goals are not immediately clear, even to his own followers. Though the conventional wisdom is that Kony’s main objective is to establish a state based upon the Biblical Ten Commandments, events, other analysts and former combatants suggest other goals. One former LRA commander claims that Kony wants to “cleanse” Uganda of those who wish to sustain war, and that the struggle would continue until no one had the will to fight any longer. Kony meanwhile has hinted that he is fighting on behalf of the Acholi people of northern Uganda against a government that discriminates against them.


Due to their grisly tactics, the LRA has failed to gain any widespread support among the Acholis. The LRA is mostly made up of children between the ages of 11 and 15. Half of these are porters and sex slaves who would leave if they could, but do not for fear of being captured by the LRA and killed, or because they simply have nowhere to go. When the LRA raids a village or town, it rounds up several of the children and forces them to murder their siblings, parents or neighbors. This cruel initiation is intended to provide a “clean break with the past” since children who have killed in front of their communities are less likely to want to return. Other children are forced to carry looted items from the raids into the bush. Girls that are captured are used as sex slaves or are forced to marry LRA commanders, some of whom have more than 30 wives.

These raids and brutal tactics have frightened more than 1.6 million people into fleeing their homes, making it easier for rebels to take what is left behind. Thousands more flee rural villages at night for the relatively better security of large towns. The looting and the stress on the labor force have had a devastating effect on agriculture in northern Uganda, which is the economic base of the region.

For a time, there was amazement at the LRA’s ability to sustain itself for such a long time with no popular support and no resources such as diamonds or drugs to trade in exchange for weapons and supplies. However there are three main factors that allow the organization to endure. Some regional experts and Ugandan officials view Sudanese support as the LRA’s lifeline: without it, some say, the LRA could be defeated in two months. Although the children, which the LRA regards as expendable, are armed mainly with machetes and axes, LRA commanders have been photographed with shoulder-mounted rocket launchers and other sophisticated weaponry. This has led some observers to speculate that the group is better equipped than most African armies.


The tactics that the LRA employs are also effective in sustaining the group. By manipulating and coercing adolescents, the few commanders at the top remain protected. When the Ugandan army attacks with helicopters, commanders force the children to don their uniforms so that the children are killed instead in their place. Kony also reputedly instills an apocalyptic spiritualism in his followers, making them unafraid to die.

Meanwhile, the Ugandan government has yet to find an effective way to counter the LRA. It has declared imminent victory against the organization numerous times and used overwhelming force against it, but it seems that the more the government attacks and boasts of its successes, the more the LRA attacks civilians. President Yoweri K. Museveni has repeatedly vowed to wipe out the group, but has complained that restrictions on aid packages prevent him from investing in the military capabilities necessary to defeat it. Donor nations have said that they want the government to arrive at a negotiated peace with the LRA. Some members of Uganda’s parliament from the northern regions where the LRA operates have accused the Army of doing little to defeat the organization because it provides Army officers with a source of income.

Operation Iron Fist was launched in 2002, during which Sudan allowed Ugandan forces to come into certain parts of its territory to attack LRA bases. For the most part, however, the LRA simply moved its supply lines north of the area of operations and increased attacks against Ugandan and Sudanese civilians. Most civilians in northern Uganda do not see the military solution as a viable alternative now, nor do other members of the international community. Although Sudan has scaled back its support of the LRA, the group is believed to retain large caches of buried weapons and the ability to endure for years even if such support were withdrawn completely. The International Criminal Court began investigating the LRA for war crimes in July 2004.

The Bell Curve..and its Critic's

The Bell Curve
is a controversial book published in 1994 by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray exploring the role of intelligence in understanding social problems in America. The title is a reference to the bell-shaped graph of IQ.

The book purports to chronicle the rise of a "cognitive elite", a social stratum of persons with high intelligence and an increasingly high chance of succeeding in life. Though the book primarily became famous for its discussion of race and intelligence, only Chapters 13 and 14 treat the topic directly.

Within both the mainstream media and the scientific community, large numbers of people rallied to both support and criticize the book. Some critics denounced the book and its authors as supporting scientific racism.

Summary of contents
The Bell Curve is fairly large for a book of its popularity, weighing in at 845 pages in the first printing and 879 in the revised paperback form. Much of its material is technical and academic, but the book's statistical explanations are styled to appeal to a general audience. There are extensive notes, graphs, and tables.

The Bell Curve is divided into four sections. Part I argues that social stratification on the basis of intelligence has been increasing since the beginning of the twentieth century. Part II presents original research showing strong correlations between intelligence and various types of social performance. Part III, by far the most controversial, examines what role IQ plays in contributing to social and economic differences between ethnic groups in America. In Part IV, the authors discuss the implications of their findings for education and social policy in the United States.

Herrnstein and Murray in many ways follow in the footsteps of Harvard researcher Arthur Jensen. The authors report that estimates from psychometricians of the heritability of intelligence range from 40% to 80%. They report that there exist significant correlations between intelligence and various ethnic categories. They argue that a better public understanding of the nature of intelligence and its social correlates is necessary to guide future policy decisions in America.

Responses
Upon publication, The Bell Curve received a great deal of positive publicity, including cover stories in Newsweek ("the science behind [it] is overwhelmingly mainstream"), The New Republic, and The New York Times Book Review (which suggested critics disliked its "appeal to sweet reason" and are "inclined to hang the defendants without a trial"). Early articles and editorials appeared in Time, The New York Times ("makes a strong case"), The New York Times Magazine, Forbes, the Wall Street Journal, and The National Review. It received a respectful airing on such shows as Nightline, the MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, the McLaughlin Group, Think Tank, PrimeTime Live, and All Things Considered.

The book sold over 300,000 copies in hardcover.

While the book's popularity was mostly propelled by its controversial claims regarding race and intelligence, it quickly became apparent that such statements did not have the scientific rigor they appeared to. Neither Charles Murray nor Richard Herrnstein had published any research on the topics discussed in the book in peer-reviewed journals before the publication, delaying academic analysis of their claims. Dr. Herrnstein died before the book was released, leaving Charles Murray to do most of its public defense. Although Herrnstein was a prominent psychologist, Murray has a Ph.D. in political science but no formal credentials in statistics or psychometrics.

Scientific response to The Bell Curve was highly negative. Professor Craig T. Ramey said "Within the sophisticated research community, the opinion has been virtually unanimous that The Bell Curve was a primitive, oversimplistic and flawed analysis." Professor Michael Nunley wrote:

I believe this book is a fraud, that its authors must have known it was a fraud when they were writing it, and that Charles Murray must still know it's a fraud as he goes around defending it. [...] After careful reading, I cannot believe its authors were not acutely aware of [...] how they were distorting the material they did include."
Professor Leon J. Kamin said the book did "a disservice to and abuse of science." Professor Howard Gardner called the style of thought "scholarly brinkmanship":

Whether concerning an issue of science, policy, or rhetoric, the authors come dangerously close to embracing the most extreme positions, yet in the end shy away from doing so. Discussing scientific work on intelligence, they never quite say that intelligence is all important and tied to one's genes; yet they signal that this is their belief and that readers ought to embrace the same conclusions.
Conservative Thomas Sowell also attacked the book, noting that the authors ignored data and failed to draw obvious conclusions from it that would have hurt their argument. He also complains that the authors completely ignore multicollinearity which could well explain away much of the correlations in the book. [2] (http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/Issues/bell-curve/sowell.html)

In its defense, fifty-two professors, including researchers in the study of intelligence and related fields, signed a notice published in The Wall Street Journal, December 13, 1994, supporting many of the views expressed in The Bell Curve. Many of the signers had previously made similar claims about race and intelligence and were cited as sources in the book.



As author Charles Murray himself noted, "Some of the things we read to do this work, we literally hide when we're on planes and trains". Much of that work was funded by the Pioneer Fund, whose mission is to promote eugenics and once suggested sterilizing the "genetically unfit". Critics argue the book was written to encourage politically-beneficial racism, citing Murray's book proposal which described the target audience as the "huge number of well-meaning whites who fear that they are closet racists, and this book tells them they are not. It's going to make them feel better about things they already think but do not know how to say." (New York Times Magazine, 10/9/94)

American Psychological Association task force report
In response to the growing controversy surrounding The Bell Curve, the American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs established a special task force to publish an investigative report on the research presented in the book.

Many of the task force's findings supported statements from The Bell Curve. They agreed that IQ scores have high predictive validity for individual (but not necessarily population) differences in school achievement. They also confirm the predictive validity of IQ for adult occupational status, even when variables such as education and family background have been statistically controlled. They agree that individual (again, not necessarily population) differences in intelligence are substantially influenced by genetics. Consistent with Herrnstein and Murray's findings, they state there is little evidence to show that childhood diet influences intelligence except in cases of severe malnutrition. They agree that there are no significant differences between the IQ scores of males and females. Perhaps most significantly, the APA task force agrees that there do exist large differences between the average IQ scores of blacks and whites, and that these differences cannot be attributed to biases in test construction, nor do they merely reflect differences in socio-economic status between the ethnic groups.

In determining the cause of these differences, the APA task force is in disagreement with Herrnstein and Murray's conclusions. While they admit there is no empirical evidence supporting it, they suggest that explanations based on social status and cultural differences may be possible. They stress that there is no definite evidence for the hypothesis that the black-white test score gap is a result of genetic differences between the groups. Regarding genetic explanations for ethnic differences in intelligence, they conclude with the following statement: "At present, this question has no scientific answer."


Stephen Jay Gould's criticisms
Perhaps the most prominent critic of The Bell Curve was the late Stephen Jay Gould, who in 1996 released a revised and expanded edition of his 1981 work The Mismeasure of Man intended to refute many of The Bell Curve's claims regarding race and intelligence. Specifically, Gould argues that the current evidence showing heritability of IQ does not indicate a genetic origin to group differences in intelligence. Murray claims that Gould misstated his claims; for instance, Gould says Murray boils down intelligence to a single factor while Murray denies making such a claim.


Other criticisms
A minority of critics have objected not only to Herrnstein and Murray's conclusions, but to their statistical methodology as well. The Sociology Department of the University of California, Berkeley published a critical analysis of The Bell Curve under the title Inequality by Design. The book reviews The Bell Curve's statistical analyses and claims that it contains technical errors and omissions. Another statistical critique of the book was published by James Heckman in 1995. Murray responded to a shorter version of Heckman's critique in an August 1995 letter exchange in Commentary magazine.

In Intelligence, Genes, and Success: Scientists Respond to The Bell Curve a group of social scientists and statisticians analyzes the genetics-intelligence link, the concept of intelligence, the malleability of intelligence and the effects of education, the relationship between cognitive ability, wages and meritocracy, pathways to racial and ethnic inequalities in health, and the question of public policy.

Another popular book written at least in part to refute some of The Bell Curve's claims is the Pulitzer Prize-winning Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, by Jared Diamond. Diamond argues that the differences in technology produced by various races are the result of differences in factors like terrain or the availability of natural resources—not of differences in intelligence.

Interview from Skeptic Magazine, with CHARLES MURRAY
http://www.skeptic.com/archives24.html

Shelby Steele

Shelby Steele is one of my favorite authors and writers, he is not afraid to go up against any idelogical group.



Research Fellow
Expertise:
Race relations, American social culture, identity politics

Shelby Steele is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution who specializes in the study of race relations, multiculturalism, and affirmative action. He was appointed a Hoover fellow in 1994.

Steele's most recent book is A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America. In A Dream Deferred, Steele argues that too much of what has been done since the Great Society in the name of black rights has far more to do with the moral redemption or self-satisfaction of whites than with any real improvement in the lives of blacks.

Steele received the National Book Critic's Circle Award in 1990 in the general nonfiction category for his book The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America. He also has written extensively for major publications including the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. He also is a contributing editor at Harper's magazine.

He also is a member of the National Association of Scholars, the national board of the American Academy for Liberal Education, the University Accreditation Association, and the national board at the Center for the New American Community at the Manhattan Institute.

He has written widely on race in American society and the consequences of contemporary social programs on race relations. He has also spoken before hundreds of groups and appeared on national current affairs news programs including Nightline and 60 Minutes.

In 1991, his work on the documentary Seven Days in Bensonhurst was recognized with an Emmy Award, the Writer's Guild Award for television documentary writing, and the San Francisco Film Festival Award for television documentary writing. In 2004, Steele was awarded the National Humanities Medal.

Steele holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Utah, an M.A. in sociology from Southern Illinois University, and a B.A. in political science from Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

THE ALBUM ..The true Soilders!

THE ALBUM












Beyonce Knowles came out with a song , about soldier's. While her song was about brotha's on the street, a new release album, is by true solder's. Beyonce girl ya need a real, reality Check!

THE MUSIC EVENT OF A LIFETIME... A year in the making, this album speaks to everything we have seen and been thru as soldiers... Written and recorded in BAGHDAD, IRAQ this is all that we have and continue to endeaur. The reality of a country at war.

And no, this album is not the bullshit answers to the questions you've seen us asked by the media. This is not someone that only parades around Iraq pretending to know whats going on and speaking on the behalf of soldiers whom he knows nothing about. LIVE FROM IRAQ is everything they dont want you to hear... heard. This is what soldiers who have stood beside their friends as they fell really think about everything thats happening here... what we'll never be allowed to say on camera, or to the press... LIVE FROM IRAQ is the TRUTH

To listen go to this site

http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/4th25/
http://www.4th25.com/
http://www.exit50.com/

The Negro American Family

The Deparment of Labor's Report of the black family, headed by Sen.Patrick Moynahan
This reserach is alomost prophetic, in its details. It would be wise to read it.

The Negro American Family

At the heart of the deterioration of the fabric of Negro society is the deterioration of the Negro family.

It is the fundamental source of the weakness of the Negro community at the present time.

There is probably no single fact of Negro American life so little understood by whites. The Negro situation is commonly perceived by whites in terms of the visible manifestation of discrimination and poverty, in part because Negro protest is directed against such obstacles, and in part, no doubt, because these are facts which involve the actions and attitudes of the white community as well. It is more difficult, however, for whites to perceive the effect that three centuries of exploitation have had on the fabric of Negro society itself. Here the consequences of the historic injustices done to Negro Americans are silent and hidden from view. But here is where the true injury has occurred: unless this damage is repaired, all the effort to end discrimination and poverty and injustice will come to little.

The role of the family in shaping character and ability is so pervasive as to be easily overlooked. The family is the basic social unit of American life; it is the basic socializing unit. By and large, adult conduct in society is learned as a child.

A fundamental insight of psychoanalytic theory, for example, is that the child learns a way of looking at life in his early years through which all later experience is viewed and which profoundly shapes his adult conduct.

It may be hazarded that the reason family structure does not loom larger in public discussion of social issues is that people tend to assume that the nature of family life is about the same throughout American society. The mass media and the development of suburbia have created an image of the American family as a highly standardized phenomenon. It is therefore easy to assume that whatever it is that makes for differences among individuals or groups of individuals, it is not a different family structure.

There is much truth to this; as with any other nation, Americans are producing a recognizable family system. But that process is not completed by any means. There are still, for example, important differences in family patterns surviving from the age of the great European migration to the United States, and these variations account for notable differences in the progress and assimilation of various ethnic and religious groups.7 A number of immigrant groups were characterized by unusually strong family bonds; these groups have characteristically progressed more rapidly than others.

But there is one truly great discontinuity in family structure in the United States at the present time: that between the white world in general and that of the Negro American.

The white family has achieved a high degree of stability and is maintaining that stability.

By contrast, the family structure of lower class Negroes is highly unstable, and in many urban centers is approaching complete breakdown.

N.b. There is considerable evidence that the Negro community is in fact dividing between a stable middle-class group that is steadily growing stronger and more successful, and an increasingly disorganized and disadvantaged lower-class group. There are indications, for example, that the middle-class Negro family puts a higher premium on family stability and the conserving of family resources than does the white middle-class family.8 The discussion of this paper is not, obviously, directed to the first group excepting as it is affected by the experiences of the second - an important exception. (See Chapter IV, The Tangle of Pathology.)

There are two points to be noted in this context.

First, the emergence and increasing visibility of a Negro middle-class may beguile the nation into supposing that the circumstances of the remainder of the Negro community are equally prosperous, whereas just the opposite is true at present, and is likely to continue so.

Second, the lumping of all Negroes together in one statistical measurement very probably conceals the extent of the disorganization among the lower-class group. If conditions are improving for one and deteriorating for the other, the resultant statistical averages might show no change. Further, the statistics on the Negro family and most other subjects treated in this paper refer only to a specific point in time. They are a vertical measure of the situation at a given movement. They do not measure the experience of individuals over time. Thus the average monthly unemployment rate for Negro males for 1964 is recorded as 9 percent. But during 1964, some 29 percent of Negro males were unemployed at one time or another. Similarly, for example, if 36 percent of Negro children are living in broken homes at any specific moment, it is likely that a far higher proportion of Negro children find themselves in that situation at one time or another in their lives.

Nearly a Quarter of Urban Negro Marriages are Dissolved.

Nearly a quarter of Negro women living in cities who have ever married are divorced, separated, or are living apart from their husbands.

The rates are highest in the urban Northeast where 26 percent of Negro women ever married are either divorced, separated, or have their husbands absent.

On the urban frontier, the proportion of husbands absent is even higher. In New York City in 1960, it was 30.2 percent, not including divorces.

Among ever-married nonwhite women in the nation, the proportion with husbands present declined in every age group over the decade 1950-60 as follows: [chart not reproduced]

Although similar declines occurred among white females, the proportion of white husbands present never dropped below 90 percent except for the first and last age group.9

Nearly One-Quarter of Negro Births are now Illegitimate.

Both white and Negro illegitimacy rates have been increasing, although from dramatically different bases. The white rate was 2 percent in 1940; it was 3.07 percent in 1963. In that period, the Negro rate went from 16.8 percent to 23.6 percent.

The number of illegitimate children per 1,000 live births increased by 11 among whites in the period 1940-63, but by 68 among nonwhites. There are, of course, limits to the dependability of these statistics. There are almost certainly a considerable number of Negro children who, although technically illegitimate, are in fact the offspring of stable unions. On the other hand, it may be assumed that many births that are in fact illegitimate are recorded otherwise. Probably the two opposite effects cancel each other out.

On the urban frontier, the nonwhite illegitimacy rates are usually higher than the national average, and the increase of late has been drastic.

In the District of Columbia, the illegitimacy rate for nonwhites grew from 21.8 percent in 1950, to 29.5 percent in 1964.

A similar picture of disintegrating Negro marriages emerges from the divorce statistics. Divorces have increased of late for both whites and nonwhites, but at a much greater rate for the latter. In 1940 both groups had a divorce rate of 2.2 percent. By 1964 the white rate had risen to 3.6 percent, but the nonwhite rate had reached 5.1 percent -- 40 percent greater than the formerly equal white rate.

Almost One-Fourth of Negro Families are Headed by Females

As a direct result of this high rate of divorce, separation, and desertion, a very large percent of Negro families are headed by females. While the percentage of such families among whites has been dropping since 1940, it has been rising among Negroes.

The percent of nonwhite families headed by a female is more than double the percent for whites. Fatherless nonwhite families increased by a sixth between 1950 and 1960, but held constant for white families.

It has been estimated that only a minority of Negro children reach the age of 18 having lived all their lives with both of their parents.

Once again, this measure of family disorganization is found to be diminishing among white families and increasing among Negro families.

The Breakdown of the Negro Family Has Led to a Startling Increase in Welfare Dependency.

The majority of Negro children receive public assistance under the AFDC program at one point or another in their childhood.

At present, 14 percent of Negro children are receiving AFDC assistance, as against 2 percent of white children. Eight percent of white children receive such assistance at some time, as against 56 percent of nonwhites, according to an extrapolation based on HEW data. (Let it be noted, however, that out of a total of 1.8 million nonwhite illegitimate children in the nation in 1961, 1.3 million were not receiving aid under the AFDC program, although a substantial number have, or will, receive aid at some time in their lives.)

Again, the situation may be said to be worsening. The AFDC program, deriving from the long established Mothers' Aid programs, was established in 1935 principally to care for widows and orphans, although the legislation covered all children in homes deprived of parental support because one or both of their parents are absent or incapacitated.

In the beginning, the number of AFDC families in which the father was absent because of desertion was less than a third of the total. Today it is two-thirds. HEW estimates "that between two-thirds and three-fourths of the 50 percent increase from 1948 to 1955 in the number of absent-father families receiving ADC may be explained by an increase in broken homes in the population."10

A 1960 study of Aid to Dependent Children in Cook County, Ill. stated:

"The 'typical' ADC mother in Cook County was married and had children by her husband, who deserted; his whereabouts are unknown, and he does not contribute to the support of his children. She is not free to remarry and has had an illegitimate child since her husband left. (Almost 90 percent of the ADC families are Negro.)"11

The steady expansion of this welfare program, as of public assistance programs in general, can be taken as a measure of the steady disintegration of the Negro family structure over the past generation in the United States.

http://www.dol.gov/asp/programs/history/moynchapter1.htm

New Black Radio Show ..Sucks

www.bjellis.com

I belong to a group of black libertarians online, we discuss and post or views. I invited, to join this web radio group. These guys are not libertarians, they sound very much, like religious conservatives. I have listened to the show, and I am not happy at all with it. This is there site if you are interested. The show seems more like a rant against liberals. The guys on the show make no clear points, or have alternative options. Also there attacks on gay people, as "whinny bicthes" are the things which I seek to stay away from.

The B.J. Ellis Show, formerly known as The Boxers & Briefs Show was created as a result of countless years of frustration, watching idiotic shows depict black American males as ignorant, incapable, trashy men. Our mission is to rescue blacks from the indoctrination courtesy of "MAMA", government schools, the Democratic plantation, and the "fight to power" so-called civil-rights "whores". As things rapidly move towards femininity, The B.J. Ellis Show strives to restore masculinity, and is a big advocate of God's spiritual order.

We are:

Pro Father (which translates to pro family)

Pro Masculinity

Pro Personal Responsibility

Pro Freedom

Pro Education

Pro Bush '04

Pro Condi Ri

Congressionl Black Caucus meeting with Dean

Congressional Black Caucus meeting with Howard Dean

Howard Dean starts the meeting with a series of questions

1)Do we love the detruction Of the black family?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

2)Do we hate Republican's
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

3)Is America the most racist country on earth?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

4)Are Republican's Racist?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...


5)Do we hate personal accounts
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

6)Do we hate personal ingenuity?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

7)Do we hate America?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

8)Do we not hate the liberation of Iraq from the dictaor Saddam?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...

9)The Democrat Party is youre only home?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...


10)No to School Choice and Charter Schools?
yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes
massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa yes massa ...


Good Boy the Meeting closed!..Now yall get to work

Who is the Real Uncle Tom?

Any black Republican,
will find at some point in his life, the term Uncle Tom thrown at him.

The dictionary defines Uncle Tom is a pejorative term for a black person who is obsequiously servile to white authority; eager to win the approval of white people.Or one who rubber stamps "white supremacist" notions about the inherent superiority of whites and its corollary, the inherent inferiority of blacks. It amazes me when I see black liberals throwing such a word around. The world does not define who I am. Nor does it define many of my friends, who are black and Republican. The black Republican, is rebelling against white ideas, they just happen to be liberal. Leftist White Authority, is also an authority. You see it when black democrats will not attack white liberals. There may be people who fit this description, but I have found that they tend to be more liberal minded. They are eager to win the approval of white liberals through the arts, music, and academia.They are not the poor black, but the overly educated African American. This African American elite feels he must represent the masses to the white liberal. He must get grants to defend black poverty. He must labor nights in the fields of the university, to make white liberals clap, and approve. He makes arguments as to why blacks really need white liberal help. Why blacks can not find work, while immigrants can. The modern day Uncle Tom, is not found in a field, he is more apt to be at an Anti American Rally!



A history if the Word Uncle Tom..

Uncle Tom is a pejorative term for a black person who is obsequiously servile to white authority; eager to win the approval of white people; or, who rubber stamps white supremacist notions about the inherent superiority of whites and its corollary, the inherent inferiority of blacks. "Uncle Toms" are perceived to take the side of whites when there is an injustice against blacks. The term Uncle Tom comes from the title character of white author Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

The books Uncle Tom demonstrates an honorable grace and dignity, his story of suffering being similar to that of Job, from the Bible. Tom is pitying of Simon Legree, for Legree's fearful enslavement to his wickedness; despite his wealth, he is poor in spirit by comparison to faithful, old Tom. Most blacks, however, object to Tom's passivity, willing subservience and complete lack of outrage at his enslavement, and to Stowe's paternalism in the portrayal of the loyal, patient, long-suffering Tom. They view the author's prose as patronizing, condescending, stereotypical, and emasculating. The depiction of Tom in the popular stage version of the novel also was greatly influential in popular perception of Tom as a servile, white-haired, shuffling slave who was grateful to his master.

Essentially, the accusation of being an Uncle Tom or Tomming questions the accused person's integrity, or courage, or both. The implication is that the person is demeaning him- or herself or acting against the interests of blacks, generally, for their own personal benefit, out of fear, or simply because they have been brainwashed to be complicit in their own oppression. A "Tom" can be someone judged to be insufficiently outraged by, or inadequately engaged in opposition against, a status quo of white privilege and black disadvantage. Sometimes, the term is applied to individuals who simply are perceived, rightly or wrongly, as being needlessly accommodating of whites.

During slavery, Tomming could be a cunning subterfuge. White masters often gave well-liked and trusted slaves coveted, less physically demanding duties to perform. "Faithful" bondsmen and women also tended to be watched less closely, allowing them opportunities to escape to freedom or engage in clandestine acts of defiance. A Tomming fieldhand who had been bullwhipped might set a field afire or destroy farm implements. An outwardly compliant cook whose husband or children had been sold away from her might burn down the cookhouse or exact a slow and agonizing death from her master by poisoning his food with finely ground glass or other harmful substances.

Slaves also often calculatingly pandered to white supremacist assumptions about blacks. The self-referential use of the word "nigger" to their own advantage was a typical, self-deprecatory artifice of Tomming. Implicit in taking on such a label was the unspoken reminder to whites that a presumed inherently morally or intellectually inferior person or subhuman could not reasonably be held responsible for work performed incorrectly, an "accidental" fire in the smokehouse, or any other similar occurrence. Tomming effectively could enable someone to dodge personal responsibility for sometimes blatant insubordination or perceived incompetence and allow them to escape completely the wrath of an overseer or master. Acting in a dimwitted manner was another effective device, which also helped put whites at ease. Stepin Fetchit, the 1940's on-screen persona of comedic actor Lincoln Perry, was the quintessential Uncle Tom. Whites often assumed that a black person who thought of himself as a "nigger," who apparently willingly accepted his subordinate status, or who was simple-minded, posed no threat to white authority.

This practice of masking defiance or rage with acquiescence, civility and even obtuseness continues today. As in years past, Tomming can be a means of appropriating and preserving a degree of private autonomy in the face of social prejudice and institutionalized racism, an act of subversion -- or even an over-the-top, satirical or mocking response to race prejudice.

Sometimes, women who Tom are called Aunt Jemima after the popular pancake mix that long depicted a kerchief-headed family cook of that name.

A roughly equivalent term is Oreo, from the chocolate sandwich cookie with white filling (implying that one is black on the outside but white on the inside). Coconut and Banana have the same meaning.

A common antonym for Tomming is Mau-Mauing, a word derived from the violent, protonationalist Kikuyu uprising in British colonial Kenya.

Michelle Malkin..AngloPhile or AmericanPhile

About a year ago on c-span,I saw an interview, with Asian American Columnist Michelle Malkin. An caller angrily called her an AngloPhile.This word is more of an attractive academic term of slur, then say "uncle tom". The word is used to attack people of color who love there new adopted homes. This would include any minority who supports democracy, american military strength, and capitalism. And God forbid closing the borders. I found this definition of AngloPhile on wikpedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglophile. I think Michelle and many others would not fit into the category. I would however put Madonna and Tina Tuner and some other notable libs in. The ones who leave America for a day and began speaking with British or french accents. These are things which red America shudders at.
An anglophile is considered to be a non-English person who is extremely fond of all things English. American Anglophiles will often spell words with a British distinction, such as writing the word color as colour, or flavor as flavour.
The term is also used as a slur for people (especially in New England, New York, and elsewhere) who base their modes of business and/or political inclinations on a cultural sphere that is tied to its social equivalent in England. Although, this has been associated with anti-semitism, it is slightly more true to say that they are ethnocentrically inclined against anyone who is not English, German, or Dutch. The actual truth of it all, however, is they are simply more inclined to favor certain people for their surnames, family relations, and other ties (which are usually but not exclusively either English, German, or Dutch).

Phillis Wheatley..and American Poet

I was 15 and my english teacher gave me the writings of Phillis Wheatley. I read them and read them again. Phillis's poetry gave me a glimpse into the sharp, clear thinking of African American during here time. The images and sterotypes of blacks stand in total contrast to this women. She was an excellent writer,George Washington himself fell in love with her poetry. In 1776, Phillis wrote a poem and a letter to Washington, who praised her efforts and invited her to visit.On contrats Jefferson could not even spell her name right, and showed more disdain for Phillis’ writing; when in his Notes on the State of Virginia, he remarked, "Religion indeed has produced a Phyllis Whately, but it could not produce a poet. In may of 1968 one of the poem's by Phillis Wheatley brought $68,500 at Christie's auction, Rockefeller Center in New York. It had been estimated to bring between $18,000 and $25,000. The poem is titled "Ocean"; its seventy lines were written on three pages that had yellowed with time. It is thought to be the only copy.
One poem which I have read alot, because it seem's very non pc, and almost worshipping of white sophistication. I am not sure what Phylis may have thought.But in any way it gave me a glimpse of her heart and mind at the time.

On being brought from A F R I C A to
A M E R I CA.

'T WAS mercy brought me from my Pagan land,
Taught my benighted soul to understand
That there's a God, that there's a Saviour too:
Once I redemption neither sought nor knew,
Some view our sable race with scornful eye,
"Their colour is a diabolic die."
Remember, Christians, Negroes, black as Cain,
May be refin'd, and join th' angelic train

A Poem by.....Phillis Wheatley